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Province

Kalinga

Kalinga is a province in the Cordillera Administrative Region of Luzon, Philippines. Its population was 235,391 in the 2024 census, and it has 1 city and 7 municipalities.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 8, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Kalinga by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
AbraApayaoCagayanIsabelaMountain ProvinceBalbalan: 13,332 people, 19 per km², 0.77% a yearTabuk City: 122,771 people, 159 per km², 0.34% a yearLubuagan: 8,660 people, 51 per km², −1.75% a yearPasil: 10,690 people, 38 per km², 0.26% a yearPinukpuk: 35,033 people, 70 per km², 0.53% a yearRizal: 20,491 people, 73 per km², 1.13% a yearTanudan: 11,103 people, 36 per km², 5.89% a yearTinglayan: 13,311 people, 61 per km², 0.30% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 20,000
  • 20,000 to 31,000
  • 31,000 to 45,000
  • 45,000 to 76,000
  • 76,000 and over

The same steps colour every map of cities and municipalities in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 140
  • 140 to 250
  • 250 to 390
  • 390 to 750
  • 750 and over

The same steps colour every map of cities and municipalities in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    235,391

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 16.8% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    3rd

    of the 6 provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 13 of every 100 people in Cordillera Administrative Region lived in Kalinga in 2024 (13.01%)

  • Inside itSources

    8

    cities and municipalities

    153 barangays

  • LandSources

    3,224.37 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Kalinga's land would fill a square about 56.8 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 73 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per 1 hectares if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    55,291

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    4.3 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    20.8%

    About 21 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
1403200000[4]Formerly 143200000

People

Kalinga had 235,391 people in the 2024 census, up 16.8% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Kalinga had the 3rd most people of the 6 provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region in 2024[1]
  1. 1Benguet473,190
  2. 2Abra246,948
  3. 3Kalinga235,391
  4. 4Ifugao208,668
  5. 5Mountain Province149,775
  6. 6Apayao126,587
All 6 provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region
Of every 100 people in Kalinga in 2024[1]
Age structure · 2024 Census[5]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 28 of every 100 are children under 15 (27.5%)
  • About 66 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (65.6%)
  • About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (7%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
Under 518,8549,7919,063
5 - 922,00511,46010,545
10 - 1423,70712,32511,382
15 - 1924,03612,60011,436
20 - 2422,28911,54510,744
25 - 2919,90410,2649,640
30 - 3418,8469,8808,966
35 - 3915,9768,5977,379
40 - 4413,6367,3956,241
45 - 4911,8226,2515,571
50 - 5410,5675,3675,200
55 - 599,2724,7024,570
60 - 647,9184,0363,882
65 - 696,2092,9163,293
70 - 744,3862,0892,297
75 - 792,7201,1511,569
80 - 841,6716551,016
85 and over1,384500884

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
235,391[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
55,291[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
4.3 on average[1, 2]
Share of Cordillera Administrative Region, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
13.01%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
20.8% (48,860 people)[6]
Men and women, 2024
121,524 men, 113,678 women[5]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 2024235,391[1, 2]0.60% a year55,2914.3
2020as of May 1, 2020229,570[1]1.62% a year——
2015as of August 1, 2015212,680[1]1.02% a year——
2010as of May 1, 2010201,613[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then182,326[42]0.64% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders174,023[42, 43]2.63% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then154,145[42]2.23% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then137,055[42]1.82% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then114,382[42]2.29% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then102,110[42]3.36% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then86,597[42]3.67% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then59,927[42]———

Cities and municipalities

Kalinga is made up of 7 municipalities and 1 city, with 153 barangays in all.
Cities and municipalities of Kalinga. Each column heading sorts the table.
Kind[1, 7]Share (2024)
BalbalanMunicipality13,3325.66%0.77% a year684.87 km²
Tabuk CityComponent city122,77152.16%0.34% a year774.47 km²
LubuaganMunicipality8,6603.68%−1.75% a year170.86 km²
PasilMunicipality10,6904.54%0.26% a year283.72 km²
PinukpukMunicipality35,03314.88%0.53% a year503.28 km²
RizalMunicipality20,4918.71%1.13% a year281.79 km²
TanudanMunicipality11,1034.72%5.89% a year307.55 km²
TinglayanMunicipality13,3115.65%0.30% a year217.83 km²

Land & Environment

Kalinga covers 3,224.37 km² of land, 73 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 2,574 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
3,224.37 km²[7]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
73 people per km²[7]
Coordinates
17.44370° N, 121.28379° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[38]
Lowest
38 m
Average
785 m
Highest
2,574 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[39]

  1. Chico River113.1 of 252.3 km
  2. Upper Saltan River57.5 km
  3. Bananid River43.9 km
  4. Pasil River39.7 km
  5. Babaca River39.3 km
  6. Tanudan River38.4 of 69.9 km
  7. Viga River33.1 km
  8. Aliog Creek30.7 km

The longest inside it: 17 in all.

Peaks[39]

  1. Mount Alchan2,617 m
  2. Mount Sapocoy2,455 m
  3. Binuluanvolcano2,329 m
  4. Mount Binuluan2,328 m
  5. Mount Mosimus2,233 m
  6. Mount Lacob-ti-duyog2,205 m

The highest: 40 in all.

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III[40]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Covers about 82 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Tuguegarao, the nearest PAGASA station, 54 km away[41]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 1,769 mm of rain on 110 days a year; 26.9 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Tuguegarao, 1991 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January34 mm523.6 °C28.3 °C18.9 °C
February32 mm524.5 °C29.8 °C19.2 °C
March32 mm426.6 °C32.5 °C20.8 °C
April47 mm528.9 °C35.1 °C22.6 °C
May141 mm929.5 °C35.6 °C23.4 °C
June136 mm929.4 °C35.2 °C23.6 °C
July206 mm1328.5 °C33.7 °C23.3 °C
August217 mm1228.2 °C33.2 °C23.3 °C
September226 mm1227.8 °C32.7 °C23.0 °C
October283 mm1326.6 °C31.2 °C22.0 °C
November258 mm1225.4 °C29.6 °C21.1 °C
December158 mm1123.8 °C27.9 °C19.8 °C
The year1,769 mm11026.9 °C32.1 °C21.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 62 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

Kalinga's economy made ₱37.4 billion of goods and services in 2025, ₱152,018 for each person. About 4 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2023.
Economy, 2025Gross domestic productThe value of all the goods and services made in a place in a year: the size of its economy. The PSA measures it for every region, province and highly urbanized city. Counted at 2018 prices, it leaves out the rise in prices, so one year can be set beside another.More in the glossary
₱37.4 billion[25]Its gross domestic product at current prices; ₱31.4 billion at 2018 prices.
Growth, 2024–2025
4.9%[26]How much more it made than the year before, at 2018 prices.
For each person, 2025
₱152,018[27]Its economy divided by its projected population, at current prices, as the PSA works it out.
Poverty, 2023Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
4.3% of people[28]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's survey.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
2nd class[4]
About 4 of every 100 people in Kalinga lived below the poverty line in 2023 (4.3%)[28]

The PSA's survey puts it between 2.4% and 6.1%, with 95% confidence. The poverty line was ₱30,353 a person for the year.

The PSA notes: Those with CVs higher than 10% in 2023 poverty incidence among population should be used with caution.

Public places

  • 39government offices
  • 9hospitals and health centres
  • 298schools
  • 11places of worship
  • 3markets
  • 2stations and terminals
  • 4parks

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Each town's page lists its own; this page lists the stations, parks, beaches and monuments.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A governor leads Kalinga. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (the provincial board), led by the vice governor. The governor, the vice governor and the board's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[22, 23]

Capital
Tabuk City[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
Lone district of Kalinga[9, 24]

Leaders

The governor and vice governor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Governor
    James Sagmayao Edduba[29]
    Vice governor
    Dave Quinones Oidem[29]

  2. 2022–2025

    Governor
    James Sagmayao Edduba[30]
    Vice governor
    Jocel Collado Baac[30]

  3. 2019–2022

    Governor
    Ferdinand Baac Tubban[31]
    Vice governor
    Dave Quinones Odiem[31]

  4. 2016–2019

    Governor
    Jocel Collado Baac[32]
    Vice governor
    James Sagmayao Edduba[32]

  5. 2013–2016

    Governor
    Jocel Collado Baac[33]
    Vice governor
    Allen Jesse Capuyan Mangaoang[33]

  6. 2010–2013

    Governor
    Jocel Collado Baac[34]
    Vice governor
    Allen Jesse Capuyan Mangaoang[34]

  7. 2007–2010

    Governor
    Floydelia Reyes Diasen[35]
    Vice governor
    Jocel Collado Baac[35]

  8. 2004–2007

    Governor
    Dominador Tongdo Belac[36]
    Vice governor
    Rommel Wandag Diasen[36]

  9. 2001–2004

    Governor
    Macario A. Duguiang[37]
    Vice governor
    Joseph T. Delson[37]
Governors and vice governors of Kalinga, by term
TermGovernorVice governor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026James Sagmayao Edduba[29]Dave Quinones Oidem[29]
2022–2025James Sagmayao Edduba[30]Jocel Collado Baac[30]
2019–2022Ferdinand Baac Tubban[31]Dave Quinones Odiem[31]
2016–2019Jocel Collado Baac[32]James Sagmayao Edduba[32]
2013–2016Jocel Collado Baac[33]Allen Jesse Capuyan Mangaoang[33]
2010–2013Jocel Collado Baac[34]Allen Jesse Capuyan Mangaoang[34]
2007–2010Floydelia Reyes Diasen[35]Jocel Collado Baac[35]
2004–2007Dominador Tongdo Belac[36]Rommel Wandag Diasen[36]
2001–2004Macario A. Duguiang[37]Joseph T. Delson[37]

History & Identity

Created
Created by Republic Act No. 7878, approved 14 February 1995, which converted the sub-province of Kalinga into a province, to begin once ratified in a plebiscite within 120 days[9]

How it got its name

Local traditionThe name seems not to be the people's own: it is traced to the Gaddang language, in which it meant the mountain people on the eastern side of the Cordillera who raided the lowlands of the Cagayan Valley under Spanish rule, and it stuck.[11]

Its story

Under Spain, Kalinga was never a political unit of its own: Spanish writers of the 18th century noted only that people lived in the central Cordillera.[11]

General Emilio Aguinaldo kept his headquarters at Lubuagan from 6 March to 17 May 1900. From there he issued orders to watch the American army and kept in touch with his commanders, and he marked his 31st birthday in the town.[12]

Act No. 1642 of 9 May 1907 made Kalinga a sub-province of Lepanto-Bontoc, its boundary drawn round the Kalinga settlements west of the Cagayan River, with its capital at Tabuc, now Tabuk. A year later it became a sub-province of the new Mountain Province, and by 1911 its capital was Lubuagan.[13, 14, 15]

Republic Act No. 4695 of 18 June 1966 joined the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao in one province, Kalinga-Apayao, with its capital at Tabuk. In 1987 the province was placed in the new Cordillera Administrative Region.[16, 17]

Republic Act No. 7878, approved on 14 February 1995, made Kalinga and Apayao separate provinces once a plebiscite ratified it, with Tabuk as Kalinga's capital. Kalinga keeps 14 February as its founding anniversary: the second fell in 1997, the 29th in 2024.[9, 18, 19]

Since 2017 the anniversary has been marked with the Bodong Festival, named for the bodong, the age-old peace pact between Kalinga's tribes; a provincial ordinance of 2016 renamed it from the Ullalim Festival.[20, 21]

Timeline

  1. 6 March 1900

    Emilio Aguinaldo sets up his headquarters at Lubuagan, where he stays until 17 May.[12]

  2. 9 May 1907

    Act No. 1642 creates the sub-province of Kalinga, with Tabuc as its capital.[13]

  3. 18 August 1908

    Act No. 1876 makes Kalinga a sub-province of the Mountain Province.[14]

  4. 1911

    Act No. 2066 names Lubuagan the capital of the sub-province.[15]

  5. 18 June 1966

    Republic Act No. 4695 creates the Province of Kalinga-Apayao, with Tabuk as its capital.[16]

  6. 15 July 1987

    Executive Order No. 220 places Kalinga-Apayao in the new Cordillera Administrative Region.[17]

  7. 14 February 1995

    Republic Act No. 7878 divides Kalinga-Apayao into two provinces, subject to a plebiscite.[9]

  8. 2016

    A provincial ordinance renames the Ullalim Festival the Bodong Festival.[20]

Nearby

Kalinga shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Kalinga beside Cordillera Administrative Region, and where it stands among the provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region.

Kalinga beside Cordillera Administrative Region
FigureKalingaCordillera Administrative RegionRank among the provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary235,391[1, 2]1,808,9853rd of 6
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary0.60% a year[1, 2]faster0.15% a year2nd of 6
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary73[7]less crowded863rd of 6
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary3,224.37 km²[7]21,116.05 km²3rd of 6
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary4.3[1, 2]higher3.8not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary20.8%[6]lower35.1%not ranked

Sources

Page updated October 8, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) (OpenSTAT table 0151A6DTHP4). Published August 3, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Household Population by Age-Group Region, Province, and Highly Urbanized City: Philippines, 2024 Census of Population (OpenSTAT table 0201A6DPAG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7878: An Act converting the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao into regular provinces. Published February 14, 1995. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Provincial Government of Kalinga. Kalinga Profile (as archived by the Internet Archive on 26 April 2025). Published November 15, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The Kalinga (as archived by the Internet Archive on 2 March 2021). Published April 30, 2015. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo (Lubuagan, Kalinga) (historical marker, in the NHCP's registry of historical sites). Published May 24, 2023. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.Philippine Commission. Act No. 1642: An Act Providing for the Establishment of Two Subprovinces to Be Known as the Subprovince of Kalinga and the Subprovince of Apayao. Published May 9, 1907. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.Philippine Commission. Act No. 1876: An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Province to Be Known as the Mountain Province, for the Establishment of a Prison at Bontoc for Non-Christian Criminals, Changing the Boundaries of the Province of Nueva VIzcaya, Amending Act Numbered Eight Hundred and Sixty-Seven, as Amended, by Changing the Boundaries of the Mountain Judicial District and the Times and Places of Holding Courts of First Instance in the Said District, Providing for Participation by the Mountain Province in the Distribution of Internal-Revenue Collections, and Repealing All Acts or Parts of Acts Inconsistent with this Act. Published August 18, 1908. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  15. 15.Philippine Commission. Act No. 2066: An Act Amending- Act Numbered Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-Six, Entitled "An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Province to Be Known as the Mountain Province, for the Establishment of a Prison at Bontoc for Non-Christian Criminals, Changing the Boundaries of the Province of Nueva VIzcaya, Amending Act Numbered Eight Hundred and Sixty-Seven, as Amended, by Changing the Boundaries of the Mountain Judicial District and the Times and Places of Holding Courts of First Instance in the Said District, Providing for Participation by the Mountain Province in the Distribution of Internal-Revenue Collections, and Repealing All Acts or Parts of Acts Inconsistent with this Act.'' by Creating the Office of Fiscal of the Mountain Province; Creating the Office of Provincial Fiscal of Nueva VIzcaya; Abolishing the Position of Fiscal for the Mountain Judicial District; and for Other Purposes. Published July 29, 1911. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  16. 16.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 4695: An Act Creating the Provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao. Published June 18, 1966. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  17. 17.Office of the President of the Philippines (Corazon C. Aquino). Executive Order No. 220: Creating a Cordillera Administrative Region, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes. Published July 15, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  18. 18.Office of the President of the Philippines. Proclamation No. 953, s. 1997: Declaring Friday, February 14, 1997, as Special Day in the Province of Kalinga. Published February 3, 1997. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  19. 19.Philippine Information Agency. 29th Kalinga Founding Anniversary, 5th Bodong Festival kicks off Feb. 5 (as archived by the Internet Archive on 24 April 2025). Published January 31, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  20. 20.Philippine Information Agency. All systems go for Kalinga's 22nd founding anniversary, first Bodong fest (as archived by the Internet Archive on 27 January 2017). Published January 27, 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  21. 21.Philippine Information Agency. Strength in culture: Kalinga celebrates identity, pride in 7th Bodong Festival (as archived by the Internet Archive on 22 February 2026). Published February 18, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  22. 22.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  23. 23.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  24. 24.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  25. 25.Philippine Statistics Authority. Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC (OpenSTAT table 0012A5FPPA0). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  26. 26.Philippine Statistics Authority. Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC, Growth Rates (OpenSTAT table 0032A5FPPA2). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  27. 27.Philippine Statistics Authority. Per Capita Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC (OpenSTAT table 0092A5FPPA8). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  28. 28.Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Table 2a. Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 (OpenSTAT table 0041F3DF02A). Published August 15, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  29. 29.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  30. 30.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  31. 31.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  32. 32.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  33. 33.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  34. 34.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 10, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  35. 35.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  36. 36.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  37. 37.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECTED MEMBER, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"). Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  38. 38.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  39. 39.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  40. 40.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  41. 41.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  42. 42.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  43. 43.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Kalinga.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 8, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/kalinga