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Province

Abra

Abra is a province in the Cordillera Administrative Region of Luzon, Philippines. Its population was 246,948 in the 2024 census, and it has 27 municipalities.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 8, 2026
A weathered white baroque church with a scrolled facade, a red roof and a round bell tower capped by a red dome, framed by overhanging branches in early light.
The Church of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, in Tayum.Photo: “Tayum Church, Abra, Apr 2026 (1)” by Ralff Nestor Nacor, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons; resized by Scene. Scene's copy is shared under the same licence.

  • PeopleSources

    246,948

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 5.2% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    2nd

    of the 6 provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 14 of every 100 people in Cordillera Administrative Region lived in Abra in 2024 (13.65%)

  • Inside itSources

    27

    cities and municipalities

    303 barangays

  • LandSources

    4,365.52 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Abra's land would fill a square about 66.1 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 57 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per 2 hectares if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    64,201

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    3.8 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    4.4%

    About 4 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
1400100000[4]Formerly 140100000

People

Abra had 246,948 people in the 2024 census, up 5.2% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Abra had the 2nd most people of the 6 provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region in 2024[1]
  1. 1Benguet473,190
  2. 2Abra246,948
  3. 3Kalinga235,391
  4. 4Ifugao208,668
  5. 5Mountain Province149,775
  6. 6Apayao126,587
All 6 provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region
Of every 100 people in Abra in 2024[1]
Age structure · 2024 Census[5]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 24 of every 100 are children under 15 (24.2%)
  • About 67 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (66.5%)
  • About 9 of every 100 are 65 or older (9.3%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
Under 515,8118,1007,711
5 - 919,72210,4429,280
10 - 1424,08412,44911,635
15 - 1924,03812,49911,539
20 - 2422,51811,65310,865
25 - 2918,7179,8068,911
30 - 3418,5399,5788,961
35 - 3916,6538,7527,901
40 - 4415,6978,2287,469
45 - 4913,5057,1146,391
50 - 5412,2736,3045,969
55 - 5911,3195,7435,576
60 - 6410,3735,1405,233
65 - 698,6194,1374,482
70 - 746,2132,7223,491
75 - 793,5441,4132,131
80 - 842,2537551,498
85 and over2,3366641,672

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
246,948[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
64,201[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
3.8 on average[1, 2]
Share of Cordillera Administrative Region, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
13.65%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
4.4% (10,859 people)[6]
Men and women, 2024
125,499 men, 120,715 women[5]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 2024246,948[1, 2]−0.39% a year64,2013.8
2020as of May 1, 2020250,985[1]0.84% a year——
2015as of August 1, 2015241,160[1]0.52% a year——
2010as of May 1, 2010234,733[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then230,953[40]1.35% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders209,491[40, 41]1.44% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then195,964[40]1.11% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then184,743[40]1.43% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then160,198[40]1.73% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then147,010[40]0.27% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then145,058[40]2.28% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then115,193[40]———

Cities and municipalities

Abra is made up of 27 municipalities, with 303 barangays in all.
Colour byColours the map of Abra by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
ApayaoIlocos NorteIlocos SurKalingaMountain ProvinceBangued: 48,331 people, 354 per km², −0.99% a yearBoliney: 3,778 people, 14 per km², −4.37% a yearBucay: 17,775 people, 174 per km², −0.24% a yearBucloc: 2,264 people, 33 per km², −1.34% a yearDaguioman: 1,773 people, 12 per km², −3.07% a yearDanglas: 4,372 people, 27 per km², 1.71% a yearDolores: 11,967 people, 252 per km², 0.93% a yearLa Paz: 16,014 people, 313 per km², −0.70% a yearLacub: 3,649 people, 15 per km², 0.24% a yearLagangilang: 14,577 people, 117 per km², −0.55% a yearLagayan: 5,154 people, 25 per km², 3.37% a yearLangiden: 3,457 people, 30 per km², −0.81% a yearLicuan-Baay: 4,301 people, 17 per km², −1.42% a yearLuba: 6,402 people, 46 per km², −0.43% a yearMalibcong: 4,167 people, 18 per km², 0.82% a yearManabo: 11,087 people, 137 per km², −1.10% a yearPeñarrubia: 7,003 people, 179 per km², 0.18% a yearPidigan: 12,058 people, 245 per km², −0.81% a yearPilar: 10,498 people, 140 per km², 0.82% a yearSallapadan: 6,328 people, 46 per km², −0.23% a yearSan Isidro: 4,771 people, 99 per km², 0.13% a yearSan Juan: 10,777 people, 165 per km², 0.20% a yearSan Quintin: 5,963 people, 90 per km², 1.07% a yearTayum: 14,808 people, 266 per km², −0.10% a yearTineg: 5,059 people, 6 per km², 0.39% a yearTubo: 4,941 people, 10 per km², −3.26% a yearVillaviciosa: 5,674 people, 49 per km², 0.00% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 20,000
  • 20,000 to 31,000
  • 31,000 to 45,000
  • 45,000 to 76,000
  • 76,000 and over

The same steps colour every map of cities and municipalities in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 140
  • 140 to 250
  • 250 to 390
  • 390 to 750
  • 750 and over

The same steps colour every map of cities and municipalities in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap
Cities and municipalities of Abra. Each column heading sorts the table.
[1, 7]Share (2024)
Bangued48,33119.57%−0.99% a year136.40 km²
Boliney3,7781.53%−4.37% a year267.17 km²
Bucay17,7757.2%−0.24% a year102.16 km²
Bucloc2,2640.92%−1.34% a year68.16 km²
Daguioman1,7730.72%−3.07% a year145.67 km²
Danglas4,3721.77%1.71% a year160.51 km²
Dolores11,9674.85%0.93% a year47.45 km²
La Paz16,0146.48%−0.70% a year51.17 km²
Lacub3,6491.48%0.24% a year235.53 km²
Lagangilang14,5775.9%−0.55% a year124.20 km²
Lagayan5,1542.09%3.37% a year206.48 km²
Langiden3,4571.4%−0.81% a year116.32 km²
Licuan-Baay4,3011.74%−1.42% a year255.65 km²
Luba6,4022.59%−0.43% a year140.00 km²
Malibcong4,1671.69%0.82% a year235.76 km²
Manabo11,0874.49%−1.10% a year81.08 km²
Peñarrubia7,0032.84%0.18% a year39.06 km²
Pidigan12,0584.88%−0.81% a year49.15 km²
Pilar10,4984.25%0.82% a year75.00 km²
Sallapadan6,3282.56%−0.23% a year137.93 km²
San Isidro4,7711.93%0.13% a year48.06 km²
San Juan10,7774.36%0.20% a year65.26 km²
San Quintin5,9632.41%1.07% a year66.59 km²
Tayum14,8086%−0.10% a year55.68 km²
Tineg5,0592.05%0.39% a year846.95 km²
Tubo4,9412%−3.26% a year492.12 km²
Villaviciosa5,6742.3%0.00% a year116.01 km²

Land & Environment

Abra covers 4,365.52 km² of land, 57 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 2,461 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
4,365.52 km²[7]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
57 people per km²[7]
Coordinates
17.61756° N, 120.79297° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[36]
Lowest
7 m
Average
641 m
Highest
2,461 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[37]

  1. Abra River102.6 of 194.8 km
  2. TIneg River97.2 km
  3. Palsuguan River45.7 km
  4. Malapaao River45.4 km
  5. Ikmin River38.9 km
  6. Utip River38.1 km
  7. Sinalang River37.2 km
  8. Sool River36.2 km

The longest inside it: 35 in all.

Peaks[37]

  1. Mount Bangbanglang2,467 m
  2. Mount Burnay2,100 m
  3. Mount Pulagon1,828 m
  4. Mount Bumalayak1,588 m
  5. Mount Posooy1,505 m
  6. Mount Madocay1,442 m

The highest: 38 in all.

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I[38]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Sinait, the nearest PAGASA station, 47 km away[39]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,172 mm of rain on 97 days a year; 27.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Sinait, 1991 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January6 mm225.7 °C30.2 °C21.2 °C
February3 mm226.2 °C30.7 °C21.6 °C
March5 mm227.4 °C31.8 °C23.0 °C
April17 mm228.7 °C33.0 °C24.3 °C
May173 mm929.0 °C33.0 °C24.9 °C
June282 mm1428.4 °C32.2 °C24.6 °C
July530 mm1927.7 °C31.3 °C24.1 °C
August614 mm1927.3 °C30.6 °C24.0 °C
September356 mm1527.4 °C31.0 °C23.8 °C
October135 mm727.4 °C31.4 °C23.4 °C
November46 mm427.3 °C31.5 °C23.2 °C
December6 mm226.6 °C30.9 °C22.3 °C
The year2,172 mm9727.4 °C31.5 °C23.4 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 58 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

Abra's economy made ₱31.0 billion of goods and services in 2025, ₱119,164 for each person. About 14 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2023.
Economy, 2025Gross domestic productThe value of all the goods and services made in a place in a year: the size of its economy. The PSA measures it for every region, province and highly urbanized city. Counted at 2018 prices, it leaves out the rise in prices, so one year can be set beside another.More in the glossary
₱31.0 billion[23]Its gross domestic product at current prices; ₱25.7 billion at 2018 prices.
Growth, 2024–2025
−0.8%[24]How much more it made than the year before, at 2018 prices.
For each person, 2025
₱119,164[25]Its economy divided by its projected population, at current prices, as the PSA works it out.
Poverty, 2023Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
13.7% of people[26]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's survey.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
1st class[4]
About 14 of every 100 people in Abra lived below the poverty line in 2023 (13.7%)[26]

The PSA's survey puts it between 9.7% and 17.7%, with 95% confidence. The poverty line was ₱30,759 a person for the year.

The PSA notes: Those with CVs higher than 10% in 2023 poverty incidence among population should be used with caution.

Public places

  • 65government offices
  • 6hospitals and health centres
  • 325schools
  • 6places of worship
  • 1market
  • 3stations and terminals
  • 5parks

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Each town's page lists its own; this page lists the stations, parks, beaches and monuments.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A governor leads Abra. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (the provincial board), led by the vice governor. The governor, the vice governor and the board's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[20, 21]

Capital
Bangued[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
Lone district of Abra[22]

Leaders

The governor and vice governor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Governor
    Eustaquio Puruganan Bersamin[27]
    Vice governor
    Ana Marie Afable Bersamin[27]

  2. 2022–2025

    Governor
    Dominic Bosuego Valera[28]
    Vice governor
    Maria Jocelyn Valera Bernos[28]

  3. 2019–2022

    Governor
    Maria Jocelyn Valera Bernos[29]
    Vice governor
    Ronald Stimson Balao-as[29]

  4. 2016–2019

    Governor
    Maria Jocelyn Valera Bernos[30]
    Vice governor
    Ronald Stimson Balao-as[30]

  5. 2013–2016

    Governor
    Eustaquio Purugganan Bersamin[31]
    Vice governor
    Rosario Afable Bersamin[31]

  6. 2010–2013

    Governor
    Eustaquio Purugganan Bersamin[32]
    Vice governor
    Rolando Dait Somera[32]

  7. 2007–2010

    Governor
    Eustaquio Purugganan Bersamin[33]
    Vice governor
    Victorino Berras Baroña Jr.[33]

  8. 2004–2007

    Governor
    Vicente Paredes Valera[34]
    Vice governor
    Jaime Alvarez Lo[34]

  9. 2001–2004

    Governor
    Vicente P. Valera[35]
    Vice governor
    Jaime A. Lo[35]
Governors and vice governors of Abra, by term
TermGovernorVice governor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Eustaquio Puruganan Bersamin[27]Ana Marie Afable Bersamin[27]
2022–2025Dominic Bosuego Valera[28]Maria Jocelyn Valera Bernos[28]
2019–2022Maria Jocelyn Valera Bernos[29]Ronald Stimson Balao-as[29]
2016–2019Maria Jocelyn Valera Bernos[30]Ronald Stimson Balao-as[30]
2013–2016Eustaquio Purugganan Bersamin[31]Rosario Afable Bersamin[31]
2010–2013Eustaquio Purugganan Bersamin[32]Rolando Dait Somera[32]
2007–2010Eustaquio Purugganan Bersamin[33]Victorino Berras Baroña Jr.[33]
2004–2007Vicente Paredes Valera[34]Jaime Alvarez Lo[34]
2001–2004Vicente P. Valera[35]Jaime A. Lo[35]

History & Identity

Abra's fiesta and days

Everything listed for Abra in Now

Created
Made a politico-military province in 1846, as the province's history gives it, with its civil government set up under Act No. 206 on 19 August 1901; joined to Ilocos Sur from 1905, it was made a province again under Act No. 2683, approved 9 March 1917[9, 10, 11, 12]

How it got its name

The province takes its name from the Abra River, the third largest river in Luzon, which drains most of its land.[13]

Its story

Spanish and Ilocano forces set up a garrison at Bangued in 1598 to protect the missionaries. In 1615 Father Juan Pareja made it a mission centre and, with the help of the Tinguian chief Don Manuel Domaoal, baptized 3,000 Tinguians.[14]

Long part of the old Province of Ilocos, and of Ilocos Sur once Ilocos was divided in 1818, Abra became a politico-military province in 1846. Its first capital was Bucay; by the end of Spanish rule the capital was Bangued.[9, 10, 14, 15]

In mid-1899 a revolutionary government was set up in Abra under Blas Villamor, with Leocadio Valera as governor. The guerrilla war against the Americans went on into 1901: in March of that year 234 riflemen and some 5,000 bolomen surrendered within three days.[9, 13]

Act No. 206 extended the Provincial Government Act to Abra on 19 August 1901, with Bangued as its capital, and in 1903 its eleven towns were merged into five. From 1 April 1905, under Act No. 1306, it was joined to Ilocos Sur as a sub-province with its own lieutenant-governor.[10, 11, 16]

Act No. 2683, approved on 9 March 1917, let the Governor-General restore Abra as a province, with Bangued as its capital. The province keeps 9 March as its charter anniversary: the 75th fell in 1992, and the 107th was marked in 2024 with the Abrenian Kawayan Festival.[9, 12, 17, 18]

In 1987 Executive Order No. 220 made Abra part of the new Cordillera Administrative Region, with Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, Mountain Province and the city of Baguio.[19]

Timeline

  1. 1598

    A garrison is set up at Bangued to protect the missionaries.[14]

  2. 1615

    Father Juan Pareja makes Bangued a mission centre.[14]

  3. 2 February 1818

    Ilocos is divided, and Abra falls within Ilocos Sur.[9, 15]

  4. 1846

    Abra becomes a politico-military province, with Bucay as its first capital.[9, 14]

  5. 1899

    A revolutionary government is set up in Abra under Blas Villamor.[9]

  6. March 1901

    Some 5,000 bolomen and 234 riflemen surrender within three days.[13]

  7. 19 August 1901

    Act No. 206 extends the Provincial Government Act to Abra, with Bangued as its capital.[10]

  8. 20 November 1903

    Act No. 1001 merges its eleven towns into five.[16]

  9. 1 April 1905

    Under Act No. 1306, Abra becomes a sub-province of Ilocos Sur.[11]

  10. 9 March 1917

    Act No. 2683 provides for Abra to become a province again, with Bangued as its capital.[12]

  11. 15 July 1987

    Executive Order No. 220 places Abra in the new Cordillera Administrative Region.[19]

Nearby

Abra shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Abra beside Cordillera Administrative Region, and where it stands among the provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region.

Abra beside Cordillera Administrative Region
FigureAbraCordillera Administrative RegionRank among the provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary246,948[1, 2]1,808,9852nd of 6
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary−0.39% a year[1, 2]slower0.15% a year5th of 6
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary57[7]less crowded864th of 6
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary4,365.52 km²[7]21,116.05 km²2nd of 6
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary3.8[1, 2]about the same3.8not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary4.4%[6]lower35.1%not ranked

Sources

Page updated October 8, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) (OpenSTAT table 0151A6DTHP4). Published August 3, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Household Population by Age-Group Region, Province, and Highly Urbanized City: Philippines, 2024 Census of Population (OpenSTAT table 0201A6DPAG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Provincial Government of Abra. Brief History. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.United States Philippine Commission. Act No. 206: An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Abra. Published August 19, 1901. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Philippine Commission. Act No. 1306: An Act Annexing the Province of Abra to the Province of Ilocos Sur, Making Appropriation for the Payment of Certain Outstanding Liabilities of the Province of Abra. and Providing for the Establishment of Civil Governments in the Settlements of Non-Christian Tribes in the Province of Ilocos Sur. Published February 28, 1905. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Philippine Legislature. Act No. 2683: An Act to Authorize the Segregation of the Subprovince of Abra from the Province of Ilocos Sur and the Reestablishment of the Former Province of Abra, and for Other Purposes. Published March 9, 1917. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.United States Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department (Government Printing Office, Washington). A Pronouncing Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary of the Philippine Islands. Published 1902. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain (a United States government work, published 1902), read in the Internet Archive's scan and its text. Open the source
  14. 14.Provincial Government of Abra. Municipalities. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  15. 15.Provincial Government of Ilocos Sur. History Of Ilocos Sur (2011 site, as archived by the Internet Archive on 8 August 2011). Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  16. 16.Philippine Commission. Act No. 1001: An Act Reducing the Eleven Municipalities of the Province of Abra to Five. Published November 20, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  17. 17.Office of the President of the Philippines. Proclamation No. 862, s. 1992: Declaring Monday, March 9, 1992, as a Special Day in the Province of Abra. Published February 13, 1992. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  18. 18.Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, Cordillera Administrative Region. Abra celebrates its 107th Founding Anniversary and Abrenian Kawayan Festival. Published March 27, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  19. 19.Office of the President of the Philippines (Corazon C. Aquino). Executive Order No. 220: Creating a Cordillera Administrative Region, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes. Published July 15, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  20. 20.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  21. 21.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  22. 22.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  23. 23.Philippine Statistics Authority. Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC (OpenSTAT table 0012A5FPPA0). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  24. 24.Philippine Statistics Authority. Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC, Growth Rates (OpenSTAT table 0032A5FPPA2). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  25. 25.Philippine Statistics Authority. Per Capita Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC (OpenSTAT table 0092A5FPPA8). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  26. 26.Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Table 2a. Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 (OpenSTAT table 0041F3DF02A). Published August 15, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  27. 27.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  28. 28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  29. 29.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  30. 30.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  31. 31.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  32. 32.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 10, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  33. 33.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  34. 34.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  35. 35.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECTED MEMBER, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"). Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  36. 36.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  37. 37.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  38. 38.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  39. 39.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  40. 40.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  41. 41.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Abra.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 8, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/abra