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Province

Aurora

Aurora is a province in the Central Luzon region of Luzon, Philippines. Its population was 240,824 in the 2024 census, and it has 8 municipalities.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 8, 2026
A curving bay of deep blue and turquoise water below forested hills, with a pale beach, a reef shelf, and a rocky point topped by a white lighthouse.
Dicasalarin Cove, in Baler.Photo: “Dicasalarin Cove” by Carlo Jose Garcia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; resized by Scene. Scene's copy is shared under the same licence.

  • PeopleSources

    240,824

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 19.7% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    7th

    of the 7 provinces of Central Luzon by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 2 of every 100 people in Central Luzon lived in Aurora in 2024 (1.85%)

  • Inside itSources

    8

    cities and municipalities

    151 barangays

  • LandSources

    3,860.73 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Aurora's land would fill a square about 62.1 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 62 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per 2 hectares if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    62,823

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    3.8 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    23.7%

    About 24 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
0307700000[4]Formerly 037700000

People

Aurora had 240,824 people in the 2024 census, up 19.7% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Aurora had the fewest people of the 7 provinces of Central Luzon in 2024[1]
  1. 1Bulacan3,876,806
  2. 2Pampanga2,586,446
  3. 3Nueva Ecija2,395,816
  4. 4Tarlac1,568,162
  5. 5Bataan891,440
  6. 6Zambales681,225
  7. 7Aurora240,824
All 7 provinces of Central Luzon
Of every 100 people in Aurora in 2024[1]
Age structure · 2024 Census[5]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 28 of every 100 are children under 15 (27.7%)
  • About 66 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (65.6%)
  • About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (6.7%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
Under 518,6209,7068,914
5 - 922,40911,63010,779
10 - 1425,41313,15212,261
15 - 1924,02912,51711,512
20 - 2421,29811,08610,212
25 - 2918,6689,6259,043
30 - 3418,3959,4718,924
35 - 3916,2458,3987,847
40 - 4414,0677,2186,849
45 - 4913,0396,7256,314
50 - 5412,4636,3506,113
55 - 5910,4915,3455,146
60 - 648,8534,5134,340
65 - 696,5903,0503,540
70 - 744,4932,0002,493
75 - 792,5671,0281,539
80 - 841,390474916
85 and over960238722

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
240,824[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
62,823[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
3.8 on average[1, 2]
Share of Central Luzon, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
1.85%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
23.7% (57,150 people)[6]
Men and women, 2024
122,526 men, 117,464 women[5]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 2024240,824[1, 2]0.51% a year62,8233.8
2020as of May 1, 2020235,750[1]2.02% a year——
2015as of August 1, 2015214,336[1]1.21% a year——
2010as of May 1, 2010201,233[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then187,802[48]1.07% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders173,797[48, 49]1.84% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then159,621[48]2.55% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then139,573[48]2.68% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then107,145[48]3.53% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then90,060[48]2.29% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then80,459[48]6.36% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then42,827[48]———

Cities and municipalities

Aurora is made up of 8 municipalities, with 151 barangays in all.
Colour byColours the map of Aurora by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
BulacanIsabelaNueva EcijaNueva VizcayaQuezonQuirinoBaler: 44,684 people, 423 per km², 0.49% a yearCasiguran: 26,855 people, 42 per km², 0.26% a yearDilasag: 17,536 people, 26 per km², 0.60% a yearDinalungan: 12,552 people, 26 per km², 0.08% a yearDingalan: 29,286 people, 97 per km², 1.19% a yearDipaculao: 33,597 people, 57 per km², 0.34% a yearMaria Aurora: 45,972 people, 112 per km², 0.54% a yearSan Luis: 30,342 people, 46 per km², 0.41% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 20,000
  • 20,000 to 31,000
  • 31,000 to 45,000
  • 45,000 to 76,000
  • 76,000 and over

The same steps colour every map of cities and municipalities in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 140
  • 140 to 250
  • 250 to 390
  • 390 to 750
  • 750 and over

The same steps colour every map of cities and municipalities in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap
Cities and municipalities of Aurora. Each column heading sorts the table.
[1, 7]Share (2024)
Baler44,68418.55%0.49% a year105.61 km²
Casiguran26,85511.15%0.26% a year645.60 km²
Dilasag17,5367.28%0.60% a year671.48 km²
Dinalungan12,5525.21%0.08% a year476.12 km²
Dingalan29,28612.16%1.19% a year302.13 km²
Dipaculao33,59713.95%0.34% a year584.84 km²
Maria Aurora45,97219.09%0.54% a year409.73 km²
San Luis30,34212.6%0.41% a year665.22 km²

Land & Environment

Aurora covers 3,860.73 km² of land, 62 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,891 m above the sea and it has 385.4 km of coast.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
3,860.73 km²[7]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
62 people per km²[7]
Coordinates
15.68989° N, 121.45215° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[44]
Lowest
Sea level
Average
458 m
Highest
1,891 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

385.4 km of coastline[45]

Rivers[45]

  1. Ilagan River31.4 of 183.1 km
  2. Minanga River30.8 km
  3. Umiray River21.6 of 51.3 km
  4. Duongan River19.9 km
  5. Pacugao River19.6 of 20.8 km
  6. Maria Aurora Creek18.9 km
  7. Suklayin River15.0 km
  8. Malupa River14.4 km

The longest inside it: 46 in all.

Peaks[45]

  1. Mount Mingan1,901 m
  2. Mount Anacuao1,819 m
  3. Mingan Peak 41,780 m
  4. Salakot Peak1,740 m
  5. Mingan Peak 31,720 m
  6. Mingan Peak 11,600 m

The highest: 20 in all.

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type II[46]

No dry season. The rain is heaviest from December to February, and no month is truly dry.

Covers about 90 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Baler, the nearest PAGASA station, 20 km away[47]Averages for 1995 to 2020: 3,357 mm of rain on 167 days a year; 26.7 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Baler, 1995 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January227 mm1324.5 °C27.7 °C21.3 °C
February182 mm1124.9 °C28.4 °C21.4 °C
March194 mm1325.9 °C29.6 °C22.3 °C
April203 mm1327.1 °C30.9 °C23.4 °C
May297 mm1427.8 °C31.5 °C24.2 °C
June247 mm1428.2 °C31.8 °C24.6 °C
July286 mm1627.7 °C31.2 °C24.2 °C
August170 mm1327.9 °C31.5 °C24.4 °C
September317 mm1527.8 °C31.4 °C24.1 °C
October394 mm1627.2 °C30.7 °C23.7 °C
November386 mm1426.2 °C29.5 °C22.9 °C
December454 mm1525.0 °C28.0 °C22.0 °C
The year3,357 mm16726.7 °C30.2 °C23.2 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 173 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

Aurora's economy made ₱43.4 billion of goods and services in 2025, ₱180,360 for each person. About 15 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2023.
Economy, 2025Gross domestic productThe value of all the goods and services made in a place in a year: the size of its economy. The PSA measures it for every region, province and highly urbanized city. Counted at 2018 prices, it leaves out the rise in prices, so one year can be set beside another.More in the glossary
₱43.4 billion[31]Its gross domestic product at current prices; ₱35.9 billion at 2018 prices.
Growth, 2024–2025
−0.2%[32]How much more it made than the year before, at 2018 prices.
For each person, 2025
₱180,360[33]Its economy divided by its projected population, at current prices, as the PSA works it out.
Poverty, 2023Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
15.3% of people[34]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's survey.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
2nd class[4]
About 15 of every 100 people in Aurora lived below the poverty line in 2023 (15.3%)[34]

The PSA's survey puts it between 12.0% and 18.6%, with 95% confidence. The poverty line was ₱33,172 a person for the year.

The PSA notes: Those with CVs higher than 10% in 2023 poverty incidence among population should be used with caution.

Public places

  • 61government offices
  • 14hospitals and health centres
  • 195schools
  • 30places of worship
  • 7markets
  • 8stations and terminals
  • 7parks
  • 8beaches
  • 3monuments and memorials

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Each town's page lists its own; this page lists the stations, parks, beaches and monuments.

Stations and terminals8

Parks7

Beaches8

Monuments and memorials3

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A governor leads Aurora. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (the provincial board), led by the vice governor. The governor, the vice governor and the board's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[28, 29]

Capital
Baler[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
Lone district of Aurora[30]

Leaders

The governor and vice governor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Governor
    Reynante Amansec Tolentino[35]
    Vice governor
    Isidro Pimentel Galban[35]

  2. 2022–2025

    Governor
    Christian Manuson Noveras[36]
    Vice governor
    Gerardo Angala Noveras[36]

  3. 2019–2022

    Governor
    Gerardo Angala Noveras[37]
    Vice governor
    Christian Manuson Noveras[37]

  4. 2016–2019

    Governor
    Gerardo Angala Noveras[38]
    Vice governor
    Rommel Rico Teh Angara[38]

  5. 2013–2016

    Governor
    Gerardo Angala Noveras[39]
    Vice governor
    Rommel Rico Teh Angara[39]

  6. 2010–2013

    Governor
    Bellaflor Angara Castillo[40]
    Vice governor
    Gerardo Angala Noveras[40]

  7. 2007–2010

    Governor
    Bellaflor Javier Angara-Castillo[41]
    Vice governor
    Gerardo Angala Noveras[41]

  8. 2004–2007

    Governor
    Bellaflor Angara Castillo[42]
    Vice governor
    Annabelle Calderon Tangson[42]

  9. 2001–2004

    Governor
    Ramoncita P. Ong[43]
    Vice governor
    Annabelle C. Tangson[43]
Governors and vice governors of Aurora, by term
TermGovernorVice governor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Reynante Amansec Tolentino[35]Isidro Pimentel Galban[35]
2022–2025Christian Manuson Noveras[36]Gerardo Angala Noveras[36]
2019–2022Gerardo Angala Noveras[37]Christian Manuson Noveras[37]
2016–2019Gerardo Angala Noveras[38]Rommel Rico Teh Angara[38]
2013–2016Gerardo Angala Noveras[39]Rommel Rico Teh Angara[39]
2010–2013Bellaflor Angara Castillo[40]Gerardo Angala Noveras[40]
2007–2010Bellaflor Javier Angara-Castillo[41]Gerardo Angala Noveras[41]
2004–2007Bellaflor Angara Castillo[42]Annabelle Calderon Tangson[42]
2001–2004Ramoncita P. Ong[43]Annabelle C. Tangson[43]

History & Identity

Aurora's fiesta and days

Everything listed for Aurora in Now

Created
Created by Batas Pambansa Blg. 7, approved 21 November 1978, which separated the sub-province of Aurora from Quezon, subject to a plebiscite that Proclamation No. 1828 set for 20 May 1979[9, 10]

How it got its name

The province is named after Doña Aurora Aragón Quezon, born in Baler on 19 February 1888, the wife of President Manuel L. Quezon; the sub-province created in 1951 was named in her honour.[12, 13]

Its story

In 1856 Baler became the capital of El Príncipe, a district formed from lands of Nueva Ecija, which had governed this coast since 1818. On 12 June 1902 the Philippine Commission annexed the district, with Baler and Casiguran, to Tayabas.[14, 15, 16, 17, 18]

From 27 June 1898 to 2 June 1899 revolutionaries besieged a Spanish garrison in the church of Baler, which held out long after Spain had lost the islands. On 30 June 1899 Aguinaldo decreed that its men be treated as friends, not prisoners, and the day is now Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day.[12, 14, 15, 19]

Manuel L. Quezon was born in Baler in 1878, and Aurora Aragón married him in 1918; she was First Lady under the Commonwealth and the first woman president of the Red Cross. On 28 April 1949, on her way to Baler, she was ambushed and killed in Nueva Ecija by a Hukbalahap band, with her daughter, her son-in-law and others.[12]

Republic Act No. 648 of 14 June 1951 made Baler, Casiguran, Dipaculao and Maria Aurora the sub-province of Aurora, still part of Quezon, with its seat at Baler. Dingalan and San Luis became towns in 1962 and Dilasag in 1966.[20, 21, 22, 23]

Batas Pambansa Blg. 7, approved on 21 November 1978, made the sub-province a province with Baler as its capital, to begin once a plebiscite had approved it and its officers had taken office; the vote was set for 20 May 1979. Luis S. Etcubañez, the last lieutenant governor, became its first governor.[9, 10, 13]

Etcubañez made 19 February, Doña Aurora's birthday, Aurora Foundation Day by executive order, and a law of 1992 made the day a provincial holiday. The province counts its years from 1979: the 42nd anniversary fell on 19 February 2021.[13, 24, 25]

Timeline

  1. 1609

    Franciscan missionaries found the mission of Baler.[14, 15, 16]

  2. 27 December 1735

    Great waves destroy Baler; its people move to the present site.[14]

  3. 1856

    Baler becomes the capital of the district of El Príncipe.[14, 15, 16]

  4. 19 August 1878

    Manuel L. Quezon is born in Baler.[12, 14]

  5. 27 June 1898

    The siege of the Spanish garrison in the church of Baler begins.[14]

  6. 2 June 1899

    The garrison of Baler surrenders under a truce.[12, 14]

  7. 12 June 1902

    Act No. 417 annexes the district of El Príncipe to Tayabas.[17]

  8. 28 April 1949

    Doña Aurora Aragón Quezon is killed in an ambush in Nueva Ecija.[12]

  9. 14 June 1951

    Republic Act No. 648 creates the sub-province of Aurora, with its seat at Baler.[20]

  10. 21 November 1978

    Batas Pambansa Blg. 7 separates Aurora from Quezon as a province.[9]

  11. 1979

    The province is inaugurated, with Baler as its capital.[14, 26]

  12. 20 May 1979

    The date Proclamation No. 1828 set for the plebiscite on the new province.[10]

  13. 24 March 1992

    Republic Act No. 7285 makes 19 February, the province's foundation day, a provincial holiday.[24]

  14. 17 May 2002

    Executive Order No. 103, which divides Region IV, transfers Aurora to Region III.[27]

Nearby

Aurora shares a border with 6 places.

How it compares

Aurora beside Central Luzon, and where it stands among the provinces of Central Luzon.

Aurora beside Central Luzon
FigureAuroraCentral LuzonRank among the provinces of Central Luzon
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary240,824[1, 2]12,989,0747th of 7
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary0.51% a year[1, 2]slower1.08% a year7th of 7
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary62[7]less crowded5747th of 7
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary3,860.73 km²[7]22,648.03 km²2nd of 7
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary3.8[1, 2]higher3.7not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary23.7%[6]lower66.2%not ranked

Sources

Page updated October 8, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Central Luzon (OpenSTAT table 0031A6DTPH2). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Household Population by Age-Group Region, Province, and Highly Urbanized City: Philippines, 2024 Census of Population (OpenSTAT table 0201A6DPAG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Batasang Pambansa. Batas Pambansa Blg. 7: An Act Separating the Sub-Province of Aurora from the Province of Quezon and Establishing It as an Independent Province. Published November 21, 1978. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Office of the President of the Philippines. Proclamation No. 1828, s. 1979: Setting the Date for the Holding of a Plebiscite to Decide the Conversion of the Sub-Province of Aurora into an Independent and Separate Province. Published March 6, 1979. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Provincial Government of Aurora. Home. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.National Historical Institute. Historical Markers: Regions I-IV and CAR. Published 1993. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.Provincial Government of Aurora. History (older site, as archived by the Internet Archive on 25 November 2012). Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Panandang Pangkasaysayan 2007-2016. Published 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  15. 15.Office of the President of the Philippines. Proclamation No. 1696, s. 2008: Declaring the year 2009 as the year of Baler to mark the quadricentennial foundation of the town of Baler, province of Aurora and directing the executive director of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts to lead the implementation of program of activities for the occasion. Published December 24, 2008. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  16. 16.National Historical Commission of the Philippines. History of Baler (as archived by the Internet Archive on 16 September 2019). Published September 6, 2012. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  17. 17.United States Philippine Commission. Act No. 417: An Act Annexing the Districts of Infanta and Principe and the Island of Polillo to the Province of Tayabas. Published June 12, 1902. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  18. 18.United States Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department (Government Printing Office, Washington). A Pronouncing Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary of the Philippine Islands. Published 1902. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain (a United States government work, published 1902), read in the Internet Archive's scan and its text. Open the source
  19. 19.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 9187: An Act Declaring June 30 of the Year as Philippine Spanish Friendship Day, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes. Published February 5, 2003. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  20. 20.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 648: An Act Creating the Subprovince of Aurora, Which Shall Comprise the Municipalities of Baler, Casiguran, Dipaculao and Maria Aurora, Province of Quezon. Published June 14, 1951. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  21. 21.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 3490: An Act to Convert the Municipal District of Dingalan, Subprovince of Aurora, Province of Quezon, into a Municipality. Published June 16, 1962. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  22. 22.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 3487: An Act to Convert the Municipality District of San Luis, Subprovince of Aurora, Province of Quezon, into a Municipality. Published June 16, 1962. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  23. 23.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 4785: An Act Converting the Municipal District of Dilasag in the Subprovince of Aurora, Province of Quezon, into a Municipality. Published June 18, 1966. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  24. 24.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7285: An Act Declaring February Nineteen of Each Year as Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon Day a Special Nonworking Holiday in the Province of Aurora in Order to Commemorate the Birth Anniversary of Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon, the First President of the Philippine National Red Cross, and Foundation Day of the Province. Published March 24, 1992. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  25. 25.Philippine News Agency (report by Jason De Asis). Aurora residents mark province's 42nd foundation anniversary (as archived by the Internet Archive on 2 May 2021). Published February 19, 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  26. 26.Provincial Government of Aurora. Official Seal (older site, as archived by the Internet Archive on 25 November 2012). Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  27. 27.Office of the President of the Philippines. Executive Order No. 103: Dividing Region IV into Region IV-A and Region IV-B, Transferring the Province of Aurora to Region III and for Other Purposes. Published May 17, 2002. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  28. 28.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  29. 29.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  30. 30.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  31. 31.Philippine Statistics Authority. Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC (OpenSTAT table 0012A5FPPA0). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Statistics Authority. Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC, Growth Rates (OpenSTAT table 0032A5FPPA2). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  33. 33.Philippine Statistics Authority. Per Capita Gross Domestic Product by Province and HUC (OpenSTAT table 0092A5FPPA8). Published August 28, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  34. 34.Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Table 2a. Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence Among Population with Measures of Precision, by Region, Province and Highly Urbanized Cities: 2018, 2021, and 2023 (OpenSTAT table 0041F3DF02A). Published August 15, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  35. 35.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  36. 36.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  37. 37.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  38. 38.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  39. 39.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  40. 40.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 10, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  41. 41.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  42. 42.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  43. 43.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected Provincial Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECTED MEMBER, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"). Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  44. 44.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  45. 45.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  46. 46.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  47. 47.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  48. 48.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  49. 49.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Aurora.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 8, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/aurora