Municipality

Baler

Baler is a municipality in Aurora, Central Luzon, Philippines. Its population was 44,684 in the 2024 census, and it has 13 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
44,684
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 24.1% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
2nd
of the 8 cities and municipalities of Aurora by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 19 of every 100 people in Aurora lived in Baler in 2024 (18.55%)
Inside itSources
13
barangays
LandSources
105.61 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Baler's land would fill a square about 10.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 423 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 4 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
10,960
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
90.9%
About 91 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0307701000^[4]Formerly 037701000
ZIP code: 3200^{[18, 19, 20]}

People

Baler had 44,684 people in the 2024 census, up 24.1% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Baler had the 2nd most people of the 8 cities and municipalities of Aurora in 2024^[1]

1Maria Aurora45,972
2Baler44,684
3Dipaculao33,597
4San Luis30,342
5Dingalan29,286
6Casiguran26,855
7Dilasag17,536
8Dinalungan12,552

All 8 cities and municipalities of Aurora

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 98 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Pingit7,00416 in 100
Suclayin6,27414 in 100
Buhangin6,06514 in 100
Calabuanan5,90713 in 100
Reserva5,42612 in 100
Zabali5,15212 in 100
Sabang4,47710 in 100
Obligacion1,5343 in 100
Barangay V1,4743 in 100
Barangay I3871 in 100

See all 13 barangays of Baler

Age structure · 2020 Census^[39]People living in households, by age and sex

About 30 of every 100 are children under 15 (30.4%)
About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (64.6%)
About 5 of every 100 are 65 or older (5%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	4,161	2,166	1,995
5 - 9	4,418	2,267	2,151
10 - 14	4,610	2,403	2,207
15 - 19	4,546	2,262	2,284
20 - 24	4,129	2,030	2,099
25 - 29	3,614	1,860	1,754
30 - 34	3,153	1,619	1,534
35 - 39	2,738	1,403	1,335
40 - 44	2,479	1,253	1,226
45 - 49	2,328	1,171	1,157
50 - 54	2,064	1,042	1,022
55 - 59	1,620	846	774
60 - 64	1,388	650	738
65 - 69	916	470	446
70 - 74	582	252	330
75 - 79	346	134	212
80 years and over	327	90	237

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 44,684^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 10,960^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Aurora, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 18.55%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 90.9% (40,607 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 21,918 men, 21,501 women^[39]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	44,684^{[1, 2]}	0.49% a year	10,960	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	43,785^[1]	2.16% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	39,562^[1]	1.81% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	36,010^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	34,492^[37]	1.98% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	29,923^{[37, 38]}	2.29% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	26,919^[37]	1.63% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	24,689^[37]	3.01% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	18,349^[37]	2.72% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	16,046^[37]	1.87% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	14,632^[37]	3.44% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	10,350^[37]	—	—	—

Barangays

Baler is made up of 13 barangays.

Barangays of Baler. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Barangay I	387	0.87%	−6.58% a year	about 0.0564 km²	Rural
Barangay II	354	0.79%	0.55% a year	about 0.0275 km²	Rural
Barangay III	328	0.73%	−3.16% a year	about 0.0383 km²	Rural
Barangay IV	302	0.68%	−1.67% a year	about 0.0603 km²	Urban
Barangay V	1,474	3.3%	−2.63% a year	about 0.16 km²	Rural
Buhangin	6,065	13.57%	0.32% a year	about 5.82 km²	Urban
Calabuanan	5,907	13.22%	1.57% a year	about 7.10 km²	Urban
Obligacion	1,534	3.43%	2.36% a year	about 7.81 km²	Rural
Pingit	7,004	15.67%	1.57% a year	about 28.25 km²	Urban
Reserva	5,426	12.14%	1.22% a year	about 13.32 km²	Urban
Sabang	4,477	10.02%	0.29% a year	about 1.02 km²	Urban
Suclayin	6,274	14.04%	−1.11% a year	about 2.10 km²	Urban
Zabali	5,152	11.53%	0.97% a year	about 34.42 km²	Urban

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Baler covers 105.61 km² of land, 423 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 641 m above the sea and it has 36.7 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 105.61 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 423 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 15.72426° N, 121.58646° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[33]

Lowest: Sea level
Average: 133 m
Highest: 641 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

36.7 km of coastline^[34]

Rivers^[34]

Aguang River7.7 km
Suklayin River4.8 of 15.0 km
Malupa River4.2 of 14.4 km
Duongan River3.6 km
Pudoc Creek3.1 km
Pacugao River1.5 of 20.8 km

Peaks^[34]

Disogsip Mountain625 m

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type II^[35]

No dry season. The rain is heaviest from December to February, and no month is truly dry.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Baler, the nearest PAGASA station, 6 km away^[36]Averages for 1995 to 2020: 3,357 mm of rain on 167 days a year; 26.7 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Baler, 1995 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	227 mm	13	24.5 °C	27.7 °C	21.3 °C
February	182 mm	11	24.9 °C	28.4 °C	21.4 °C
March	194 mm	13	25.9 °C	29.6 °C	22.3 °C
April	203 mm	13	27.1 °C	30.9 °C	23.4 °C
May	297 mm	14	27.8 °C	31.5 °C	24.2 °C
June	247 mm	14	28.2 °C	31.8 °C	24.6 °C
July	286 mm	16	27.7 °C	31.2 °C	24.2 °C
August	170 mm	13	27.9 °C	31.5 °C	24.4 °C
September	317 mm	15	27.8 °C	31.4 °C	24.1 °C
October	394 mm	16	27.2 °C	30.7 °C	23.7 °C
November	386 mm	14	26.2 °C	29.5 °C	22.9 °C
December	454 mm	15	25.0 °C	28.0 °C	22.0 °C
The year	3,357 mm	167	26.7 °C	30.2 °C	23.2 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 173 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 14 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 14.4% of people^[23]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 14 of every 100 people in Baler lived below the poverty line in 2021 (14.4%)^[23]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 11.0% and 17.7%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

18government offices
3hospitals and health centres
24schools
9places of worship
1market
2stations and terminals
4parks
5beaches
3monuments and memorials

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Where a kind has more than 8, this page shows 6: first those with “Baler” in their name, then one in each of its most populous barangays.

Government offices16

10 more government offices are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See the 13 barangays of Baler

Hospitals and health centres3

Markets1

Baler Wet Market · Suclayin

Stations and terminals2

Parks4

Beaches5

Monuments and memorials3

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Baler. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[16, 17]}

Capital of: Aurora^[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: Lone district of Aurora^{[21, 22]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Rhett Ronan Teh Angara^[24]
Vice mayor
Denise Alyanna De Jesus Angara^[24]
2022–2025
Mayor
Rhett Ronan Teh Angara^[25]
Vice mayor
Pedro Montes Ong Jr.^[25]
2019–2022
Mayor
Rhett Ronan Teh Angara^[26]
Vice mayor
Pedro Montes Ong Jr.^[26]
2016–2019
Mayor
Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[27]
Vice mayor
Pedro Montes Ong Jr.^[27]
2013–2016
Mayor
Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[28]
Vice mayor
Karen Angara Ularan^[28]
2010–2013
Mayor
Arturo Javier Angara^[29]
Vice mayor
Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[29]
2007–2010
Mayor
Arturo Javier Angara^[30]
Vice mayor
Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[30]
2004–2007
Mayor
Arturo Angara^[31]
Vice mayor
Nelianto Bihasa^[31]
2001–2004
Mayor
Emilio F. Etcubanez^[32]
Vice mayor
Zenaida S. Querijero^[32]

Mayors and vice mayors of Baler, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Rhett Ronan Teh Angara^[24]	Denise Alyanna De Jesus Angara^[24]
2022–2025	Rhett Ronan Teh Angara^[25]	Pedro Montes Ong Jr.^[25]
2019–2022	Rhett Ronan Teh Angara^[26]	Pedro Montes Ong Jr.^[26]
2016–2019	Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[27]	Pedro Montes Ong Jr.^[27]
2013–2016	Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[28]	Karen Angara Ularan^[28]
2010–2013	Arturo Javier Angara^[29]	Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[29]
2007–2010	Arturo Javier Angara^[30]	Nelianto Carrasco Bihasa^[30]
2004–2007	Arturo Angara^[31]	Nelianto Bihasa^[31]
2001–2004	Emilio F. Etcubanez^[32]	Zenaida S. Querijero^[32]

History & Identity

Stories from Central Luzon

Baler has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Central Luzon, which Baler is part of.

Film, 0:59
Central Luzon
Central Luzon: capitals on the move
Bacolor, Malolos, San Isidro and Cabanatuan each served as a capital of the Philippines between 1762 and 1899, before the government moved on to Tarlac.
The Map Moved

All Stories

Baler's fiesta and days

Patronal fiesta of Baler (San Luis Obispo de Tolosa)Town fiesta · San Luis Obispo de Tolosa · Every 19 August · next Thursday, 19 August 2027
Pasidayaw FestivalFestival · Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon (Aurora Day) · Every 19 February · next Friday, 19 February 2027

Everything listed for Baler in Now

How it got its name

Local traditionThe town's own history page says Baler comes from balod, a large mountain pigeon, citing a 1754 Tagalog dictionary by Noceda and San Lucar; it adds that other legends are unconfirmed.^[10]

Its story

Franciscan priests were the first to bring Christianity to this stretch of the Sierra Madre coast, and the town's own history says Baler's first parish priest came on 24 October 1611.^[10]

In 1658 the Franciscans handed the parish of Baler to the Augustinian Recollects, and the Franciscans took it back in 1703.^[10]

A tidal wave struck the town in the early hours of 27 December 1735, and a new town was built on higher ground at Sitio Zabali.^[10]

Moro raiders attacked Casiguran, Infanta, Polillo and Palanan in 1798, and in Baler they took a priest for ransom.^[10]

The Spanish garrison at Baler surrendered to Filipino forces on 2 June 1899.^[10]

Timeline

24 October 1611
The first Franciscan priest assigned to Baler arrived on 24 October 1611.^[10]
1 September 1658
The Franciscan Recollects took over the parish of Baler.^[10]
27 December 1735
A tidal wave destroyed the old town of Baler.^[10]
2 June 1899
The Spanish garrison at Baler surrendered.^[10]
21 July 1949
Barrios of Baler were organized into Maria Aurora.^[11]
27 November 1950
The northern part of Baler was organized as Dipaculao.^[12]
14 June 1951
Republic Act No. 648, approved 14 June 1951, made the Subprovince of Aurora out of four municipalities, with its seat at Baler.^[13]
21 June 1959
Baler lost the barrios Ditumabo, Bacong and San Luis, which were set up as a municipal district.^[14]
21 November 1978
Batas Pambansa Blg. 7, approved 21 November 1978, separated the Sub-province of Aurora from Quezon and made it the Province of Aurora.^[15]

Nearby

Baler shares a border with Dipaculao, Maria Aurora and San Luis.

How it compares

Baler beside Aurora, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Aurora.

Baler beside Aurora
Figure	Baler	Aurora	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Aurora
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	44,684^{[1, 2]}	240,824	2nd of 8
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.49% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	0.51% a year	4th of 8
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	423^[6]more crowded	62	1st of 8
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	105.61 km²^[6]	3,860.73 km²	8th of 8
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}higher	3.8	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	90.9%^[5]higher	23.7%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Manila: 141.1 km southwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

Maria AuroraAurora18.3 km west
San LuisAurora20.9 km southwest
DipaculaoAurora21.6 km north
Alfonso CastanedaNueva Vizcaya34.8 km northwest
BongabonNueva Ecija35.3 km west
GabaldonNueva Ecija40.9 km southwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Central Luzon (OpenSTAT table 0031A6DTPH2). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Municipality of Baler, Aurora. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Municipality of Baler. History. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Official Gazette / Lawphil. Executive Order No. 246, July 21, 1949. Published July 21, 1949. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Lawphil. Executive Order No. 375, November 27, 1950. Published November 27, 1950. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Lawphil. Republic Act No. 648, June 14, 1951. Published June 14, 1951. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Lawphil. Republic Act No. 2452, June 21, 1959. Published June 21, 1959. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
15.Lawphil. Batas Pambansa Blg. 7, November 21, 1978. Published November 21, 1978. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
16.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
19.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
20.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
21.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
23.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
24.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
30.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
31.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
32.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
33.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
34.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
35.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
36.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
37.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
38.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
39.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Baler, Aurora.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/aurora/baler