Skip to content

Component city

Gapan City

Gapan City is a component city in Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon, Philippines. Its population was 129,610 in the 2024 census, and it has 23 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Gapan City by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
CabiaoCandabaDoña Remedios TrinidadGeneral TinioPeñarandaSan IsidroSan LeonardoSan MiguelBayanihan: 6,629 people, 1,517 per km², 4.56% a yearBulak: 2,776 people, 577 per km², 1.70% a yearKapalangan: 6,108 people, 489 per km², 1.19% a yearMahipon: 2,821 people, 490 per km², 2.70% a yearMalimba: 4,170 people, 1,089 per km², 2.84% a yearMangino: 13,618 people, 2,527 per km², 1.27% a yearMarelo: 2,138 people, 591 per km², 1.56% a yearPambuan: 15,993 people, 954 per km², 0.96% a yearParcutela: 1,273 people, 524 per km², −8.22% a yearSan Lorenzo: 6,934 people, 10,554 per km², 3.81% a yearSan Nicolas: 12,360 people, 9,656 per km², −1.46% a yearSan Roque: 9,574 people, 1,136 per km², 0.12% a yearSan Vicente: 9,304 people, 10,946 per km², 0.55% a yearSanta Cruz: 3,991 people, 798 per km², 1.96% a yearSanto Cristo Norte: 6,234 people, 986 per km², 0.28% a yearSanto Cristo Sur: 4,917 people, 1,064 per km², 2.24% a yearSanto Niño: 5,455 people, 12,426 per km², 2.02% a yearMakabaclay: 2,901 people, 56 per km², 0.47% a yearBalante: 2,031 people, 584 per km², 4.73% a yearBungo: 2,840 people, 282 per km², 1.83% a yearMabunga: 878 people, 120 per km², 0.22% a yearMaburak: 4,086 people, 425 per km², 3.68% a yearPuting Tubig: 2,579 people, 739 per km², 4.59% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    129,610

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 27.7% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    5th

    of the 32 cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 5 of every 100 people in Nueva Ecija lived in Gapan City in 2024 (5.41%)

  • Inside itSources

    23

    barangays

  • LandSources

    166.53 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Gapan City's land would fill a square about 12.9 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 778 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 8 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    34,672

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    3.7 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    76.6%

    About 77 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
0304908000[4]Formerly 034908000
ZIP code
3105[15, 16, 17]

People

Gapan City had 129,610 people in the 2024 census, up 27.7% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Gapan City had the 5th most people of the 32 cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija in 2024[1]
  1. 2San Jose City156,714
  2. 3Talavera137,444
  3. 4Guimba131,468
  4. 5Gapan City129,610
  5. 6Cabiao89,497
  6. 7Science City of Muñoz85,061
  7. 8San Antonio84,958
All 32 cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 71 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Pambuan15,99312 in 100
  2. Mangino13,61811 in 100
  3. San Nicolas12,36010 in 100
  4. San Roque9,5747 in 100
  5. San Vicente9,3047 in 100
  6. San Lorenzo6,9345 in 100
  7. Bayanihan6,6295 in 100
  8. Santo Cristo Norte6,2345 in 100
  9. Kapalangan6,1085 in 100
  10. Santo Niño5,4554 in 100
See all 23 barangays of Gapan City
Age structure · 2020 Census[37]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 29 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.4%)
  • About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (64.7%)
  • About 6 of every 100 are 65 or older (6%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 411,6066,0585,548
5 - 912,3126,4605,852
10 - 1412,1216,3535,768
15 - 1911,1115,7765,335
20 - 2411,0205,6275,393
25 - 2910,3045,2355,069
30 - 349,1044,5864,518
35 - 398,3014,3243,977
40 - 447,7844,0433,741
45 - 496,7343,4403,294
50 - 546,0873,0683,019
55 - 594,8842,4552,429
60 - 644,0621,9382,124
65 - 692,9401,3601,580
70 - 742,0348511,183
75 - 791,179469710
80 years and over1,191367824

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
129,610[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
34,672[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
3.7 on average[1, 2]
Share of Nueva Ecija, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
5.41%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
76.6% (99,280 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
62,410 men, 60,364 women[37]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 2024129,610[1, 2]1.27% a year34,6723.7
2020as of May 1, 2020122,968[1]2.31% a year——
2015as of August 1, 2015110,303[1]1.60% a year——
2010as of May 1, 2010101,488[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then98,795[34]1.42% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders89,199[34, 35]2.99% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then77,735[34]1.85% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then70,489[34]1.62% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then60,014[34]3.51% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then50,506[34]2.15% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then45,426[34]3.32% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then32,514[34]———

Barangays

Gapan City is made up of 23 barangays.
Barangays of Gapan City. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Balante2,0311.57%4.73% a yearabout 3.48 km²Rural
Bayanihan6,6295.11%4.56% a yearabout 4.37 km²Urban
Bulak2,7762.14%1.70% a yearabout 4.81 km²Rural
Bungo2,8402.19%1.83% a yearabout 10.06 km²Rural
Kapalangan6,1084.71%1.19% a yearabout 12.49 km²Urban
Mabunga8780.68%0.22% a yearabout 7.32 km²Rural
Maburak4,0863.15%3.68% a yearabout 9.61 km²Rural
Mahipon2,8212.18%2.70% a yearabout 5.76 km²Rural
Makabaclay2,9012.24%0.47% a yearabout 52.12 km²Urban
Malimba4,1703.22%2.84% a yearabout 3.83 km²Urban
Mangino13,61810.51%1.27% a yearabout 5.39 km²Urban
Marelo2,1381.65%1.56% a yearabout 3.62 km²Rural
Pambuan15,99312.34%0.96% a yearabout 16.77 km²Urban
Parcutela1,2730.98%−8.22% a yearabout 2.43 km²Rural
Puting Tubig2,5791.99%4.59% a yearabout 3.49 km²Rural
San Lorenzo6,9345.35%3.81% a yearabout 0.657 km²Urban
San Nicolas12,3609.54%−1.46% a yearabout 1.28 km²Urban
San Roque9,5747.39%0.12% a yearabout 8.43 km²Urban
San Vicente9,3047.18%0.55% a yearabout 0.85 km²Urban
Santa Cruz3,9913.08%1.96% a yearabout 5.00 km²Rural
Santo Cristo Norte6,2344.81%0.28% a yearabout 6.32 km²Urban
Santo Cristo Sur4,9173.79%2.24% a yearabout 4.62 km²Rural
Santo Niño5,4554.21%2.02% a yearabout 0.439 km²Urban

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Gapan City covers 166.53 km² of land, 778 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 219 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
166.53 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
778 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
15.28949° N, 120.99007° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[30]
Lowest
8 m
Average
43 m
Highest
219 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[31]

  1. Peñaranda River4.2 of 51.3 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I[32]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Covers about 93 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Clark International Airport, the nearest PAGASA station, 49 km away[33]Averages for 1997 to 2020: 2,455 mm of rain on 126 days a year; 27.2 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Clark International Airport, 1997 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January14 mm325.5 °C30.0 °C21.0 °C
February16 mm326.0 °C30.9 °C21.1 °C
March53 mm327.5 °C32.5 °C22.4 °C
April61 mm528.9 °C34.0 °C23.8 °C
May196 mm1328.8 °C33.3 °C24.4 °C
June254 mm1628.0 °C31.9 °C24.1 °C
July515 mm2027.3 °C30.8 °C23.7 °C
August695 mm2227.0 °C30.3 °C23.7 °C
September306 mm1827.2 °C30.8 °C23.6 °C
October202 mm1127.3 °C31.2 °C23.4 °C
November97 mm727.0 °C31.1 °C23.0 °C
December48 mm526.3 °C30.4 °C22.1 °C
The year2,455 mm12627.2 °C31.4 °C23.0 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 152 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 12 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
12.3% of people[20]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
3rd class[4]
About 12 of every 100 people in Gapan City lived below the poverty line in 2021 (12.3%)[20]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 9.9% and 14.6%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

  • 17government offices
  • 4hospitals and health centres
  • 45schools
  • 16places of worship
  • 2markets
  • 1park
  • 2monuments and memorials

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Where a kind has more than 8, this page shows 6: first those with “Gapan” in their name, then one in each of its most populous barangays.

Government offices12

6 more government offices are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See the 23 barangays of Gapan City

Hospitals and health centres4

Markets2

Parks1

Monuments and memorials2

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Gapan City. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Panlungsod (the city council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[13, 14]

City classCity classA highly urbanized city or an independent component city governs itself apart from the province around it: its voters do not elect the governor. A component city is part of its province.More in the glossary
Component city[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
4th district of Nueva Ecija[18, 19]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Emary Joy David Pascual[21]
    Vice mayor
    Maximus Rodrigo Pascual[21]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Emary Joy David Pascual[22]
    Vice mayor
    Inocencio Torres Bautista Jr.[22]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Emerson David Pascual[23]
    Vice mayor
    Inocencio Torres Bautista Jr.[23]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Emerson David Pascual[24]
    Vice mayor
    Inocencio Torres Bautista Jr.[24]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Maricel Gatus Natividad[25]
    Vice mayor
    Crisanto Villareal Velayo II[25]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Christian Uy Tinio[26]
    Vice mayor
    Rodel Tolentino Matias[26]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Ernesto Linsangan Natividad[27]
    Vice mayor
    Christian Uy Tinio[27]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Ernesto Natividad[28]
    Vice mayor
    Leoncio Mangahas[28]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Ernesto L. Natividad[29]
    Vice mayor
    Leonicio D. Mangahas[29]
Mayors and vice mayors of Gapan City, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Emary Joy David Pascual[21]Maximus Rodrigo Pascual[21]
2022–2025Emary Joy David Pascual[22]Inocencio Torres Bautista Jr.[22]
2019–2022Emerson David Pascual[23]Inocencio Torres Bautista Jr.[23]
2016–2019Emerson David Pascual[24]Inocencio Torres Bautista Jr.[24]
2013–2016Maricel Gatus Natividad[25]Crisanto Villareal Velayo II[25]
2010–2013Christian Uy Tinio[26]Rodel Tolentino Matias[26]
2007–2010Ernesto Linsangan Natividad[27]Christian Uy Tinio[27]
2004–2007Ernesto Natividad[28]Leoncio Mangahas[28]
2001–2004Ernesto L. Natividad[29]Leonicio D. Mangahas[29]

History & Identity

Old photographs of Gapan City

Each with the archive that holds it, its date and its rights, on its own page.

In the Archive

Official name
City of Gapan[4]
Created
Republic Act No. 9022, approved 5 March 2001, converted the municipality of Gapan into a component city, the City of Gapan.[9]

Its story

Gapan, with Cabiao, Aliaga, San Isidro and San Antonio, was moved from Pampanga to Nueva Ecija in 1848.[11]

The 1903 Act No. 933 left Gapan's boundaries unchanged.[12]

Republic Act No. 9022 made Gapan a component city in 2001.[9]

Timeline

  1. 1848

    Gapan was transferred from Pampanga to Nueva Ecija.[11]

  2. 8 October 1903

    Act No. 933 kept Gapan with its existing boundaries.[12]

  3. 5 March 2001

    Republic Act No. 9022, the Charter of the City of Gapan, was approved.[9]

Changes since 1977

As the Philippine Statistics Authority recorded them in its list of places.

  1. July to December 2001

    Became a city.[36]

Nearby

Gapan City shares a border with 8 places.

How it compares

Gapan City beside Nueva Ecija, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija.

Gapan City beside Nueva Ecija
FigureGapan CityNueva EcijaRank among the cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary129,610[1, 2]2,395,8165th of 32
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary1.27% a year[1, 2]faster0.88% a year6th of 32
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary778[6]more crowded4769th of 32
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary166.53 km²[6]5,036.88 km²11th of 32
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary3.7[1, 2]higher3.5not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary76.6%[5]higher43.6%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Palayan City, the capital of Nueva Ecija
21.2 km northeast
Manila
77.7 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. San IsidroNueva Ecija8.7 km southwest
  2. PeñarandaNueva Ecija9.5 km north
  3. San LeonardoNueva Ecija10.5 km north
  4. San MiguelBulacan13.2 km south
  5. Santa RosaNueva Ecija15.0 km north
  6. JaenNueva Ecija15.1 km northwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Central Luzon (OpenSTAT table 0031A6DTPH2). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Congress of the Philippines (via The LawPhil Project - Arellano Law Foundation). Republic Act No. 9022 (5 March 2001), Charter of the City of Gapan. Published March 5, 2001. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.City of Gapan, Nueva Ecija. Official website. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Municipality of Cabiao. History of Cabiao. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Philippine Commission (via The LawPhil Project - Arellano Law Foundation). Act No. 933 (8 October 1903). Published October 8, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  15. 15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  16. 16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  17. 17.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  18. 18.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  19. 19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  20. 20.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  21. 21.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  27. 27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  28. 28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  29. 29.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  30. 30.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  31. 31.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  33. 33.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  34. 34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  35. 35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  36. 36.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Summary of Changes, every change to a place since 1977. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  37. 37.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

See something wrong on this page? Write to hello@scene.ph with the page address. We check every report against the source.

Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Gapan City, Nueva Ecija.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/nueva-ecija/gapan-city