Municipality

San Leonardo

San Leonardo is a municipality in Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon, Philippines. Its population was 69,180 in the 2024 census, and it has 15 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
69,180
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 19% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
15th
of the 32 cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 3 of every 100 people in Nueva Ecija lived in San Leonardo in 2024 (2.89%)
Inside itSources
15
barangays
LandSources
53.36 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: San Leonardo's land would fill a square about 7.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 1,296 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 13 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
22,590
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3.1 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
76.6%
About 77 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0304927000^[4]Formerly 034927000
ZIP code: 3102^{[13, 14, 15]}

People

San Leonardo had 69,180 people in the 2024 census, up 19% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

San Leonardo had the 15th most people of the 32 cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija in 2024^[1]

12Rizal71,749
13Cuyapo70,919
14Bongabon69,376
15San Leonardo69,180
16Santo Domingo63,750
17General Tinio58,093
18Zaragoza55,657

All 32 cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 86 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Mambangnan8,64913 in 100
Mallorca7,54011 in 100
San Anton7,01110 in 100
Tambo Adorable6,1899 in 100
Magpapalayoc5,9019 in 100
Nieves5,8418 in 100
Castellano5,6158 in 100
Tabuating4,7247 in 100
Bonifacio District4,5827 in 100
San Roque3,1235 in 100

See all 15 barangays of San Leonardo

Age structure · 2020 Census^[34]People living in households, by age and sex

About 28 of every 100 are children under 15 (28.4%)
About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (65.2%)
About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (6.5%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	6,356	3,251	3,105
5 - 9	6,492	3,333	3,159
10 - 14	6,600	3,390	3,210
15 - 19	6,372	3,274	3,098
20 - 24	6,048	3,107	2,941
25 - 29	5,724	2,933	2,791
30 - 34	4,971	2,565	2,406
35 - 39	4,744	2,377	2,367
40 - 44	4,493	2,299	2,194
45 - 49	3,765	1,924	1,841
50 - 54	3,317	1,670	1,647
55 - 59	2,854	1,406	1,448
60 - 64	2,362	1,090	1,272
65 - 69	1,739	827	912
70 - 74	1,227	525	702
75 - 79	733	287	446
80 years and over	733	219	514

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 69,180^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 22,590^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 3.1 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Nueva Ecija, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 2.89%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 76.6% (52,985 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 34,477 men, 34,053 women^[34]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	69,180^{[1, 2]}	0.22% a year	22,590	3.1
2020as of May 1, 2020	68,536^[1]	1.02% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	65,299^[1]	2.24% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	58,120^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	54,596^[32]	1.09% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	50,478^{[32, 33]}	1.75% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	46,545^[32]	3.00% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	39,740^[32]	1.36% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	34,706^[32]	3.51% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	29,201^[32]	2.36% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	25,995^[32]	3.31% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	18,635^[32]	—	—	—

Barangays

San Leonardo is made up of 15 barangays.

Barangays of San Leonardo. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Bonifacio District	4,582	6.62%	8.24% a year	about 2.26 km²	Rural
Burgos District	2,164	3.13%	−0.09% a year	about 0.902 km²	Rural
Castellano	5,615	8.12%	0.29% a year	about 3.78 km²	Urban
Diversion	1,515	2.19%	0.22% a year	about 3.00 km²	Urban
Magpapalayoc	5,901	8.53%	0.14% a year	about 2.83 km²	Urban
Mallorca	7,540	10.9%	−4.54% a year	about 7.54 km²	Urban
Mambangnan	8,649	12.5%	0.14% a year	about 4.57 km²	Urban
Nieves	5,841	8.44%	0.32% a year	about 6.41 km²	Urban
Rizal District	2,581	3.73%	1.85% a year	about 1.37 km²	Rural
San Anton	7,011	10.13%	0.06% a year	about 5.25 km²	Urban
San Bartolome	2,574	3.72%	3.06% a year	about 1.28 km²	Rural
San Roque	3,123	4.51%	−1.26% a year	about 1.96 km²	Rural
Tabuating	4,724	6.83%	0.44% a year	about 3.43 km²	Urban
Tagumpay	1,171	1.69%	−0.35% a year	about 3.53 km²	Rural
Tambo Adorable	6,189	8.95%	1.28% a year	about 2.95 km²	Urban

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

San Leonardo covers 53.36 km² of land, 1,296 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 40 m above the sea and it lies inland.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 53.36 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 1,296 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 15.37877° N, 120.95717° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[28]

Lowest: 10 m
Average: 23 m
Highest: 40 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers^[29]

Pampanga River8.6 of 218.3 km
Peñaranda River7.2 of 51.3 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I^[30]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Clark International Airport, the nearest PAGASA station, 49 km away^[31]Averages for 1997 to 2020: 2,455 mm of rain on 126 days a year; 27.2 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Clark International Airport, 1997 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	14 mm	3	25.5 °C	30.0 °C	21.0 °C
February	16 mm	3	26.0 °C	30.9 °C	21.1 °C
March	53 mm	3	27.5 °C	32.5 °C	22.4 °C
April	61 mm	5	28.9 °C	34.0 °C	23.8 °C
May	196 mm	13	28.8 °C	33.3 °C	24.4 °C
June	254 mm	16	28.0 °C	31.9 °C	24.1 °C
July	515 mm	20	27.3 °C	30.8 °C	23.7 °C
August	695 mm	22	27.0 °C	30.3 °C	23.7 °C
September	306 mm	18	27.2 °C	30.8 °C	23.6 °C
October	202 mm	11	27.3 °C	31.2 °C	23.4 °C
November	97 mm	7	27.0 °C	31.1 °C	23.0 °C
December	48 mm	5	26.3 °C	30.4 °C	22.1 °C
The year	2,455 mm	126	27.2 °C	31.4 °C	23.0 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 152 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 12 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 11.6% of people^[18]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 12 of every 100 people in San Leonardo lived below the poverty line in 2021 (11.6%)^[18]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 9.3% and 14.0%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

9government offices
3hospitals and health centres
21schools
4places of worship
1market
2stations and terminals
1monument or memorial

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices7

Hospitals and health centres3

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads San Leonardo. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[11, 12]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 4th district of Nueva Ecija^{[16, 17]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Niña Pauline Nagaño Joson^[19]
Vice mayor
Froilan Amis Nagaño^[19]
2022–2025
Mayor
Froilan Amis Nagaño^[20]
Vice mayor
Amerigus Baldazo Nagaño^[20]
2019–2022
Mayor
Froilan Amis Nagaño^[21]
Vice mayor
Amerigus Baldazo Nagaño^[21]
2016–2019
Mayor
Froilan Amis Nagaño^[22]
Vice mayor
Evangelina Bauto Bautista^[22]
2013–2016
Mayor
Froilan Cruz Nagaño Jr.^[23]
Vice mayor
Evangelina Bauto Bautista^[23]
2010–2013
Mayor
Froilan Amis Nagaño^[24]
Vice mayor
Eulinio Amis Nagaño^[24]
2007–2010
Mayor
Froilan Amis Nagaño^[25]
Vice mayor
Eulinio Amis Nagaño^[25]
2004–2007
Mayor
Ramon Bautista^[26]
Vice mayor
Marvin Martin^[26]
2001–2004
Mayor
Ramon N. Bautista^[27]
Vice mayor
Lorenzo D.R. Juatco^[27]

Mayors and vice mayors of San Leonardo, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Niña Pauline Nagaño Joson^[19]	Froilan Amis Nagaño^[19]
2022–2025	Froilan Amis Nagaño^[20]	Amerigus Baldazo Nagaño^[20]
2019–2022	Froilan Amis Nagaño^[21]	Amerigus Baldazo Nagaño^[21]
2016–2019	Froilan Amis Nagaño^[22]	Evangelina Bauto Bautista^[22]
2013–2016	Froilan Cruz Nagaño Jr.^[23]	Evangelina Bauto Bautista^[23]
2010–2013	Froilan Amis Nagaño^[24]	Eulinio Amis Nagaño^[24]
2007–2010	Froilan Amis Nagaño^[25]	Eulinio Amis Nagaño^[25]
2004–2007	Ramon Bautista^[26]	Marvin Martin^[26]
2001–2004	Ramon N. Bautista^[27]	Lorenzo D.R. Juatco^[27]

History & Identity

Stories from Central Luzon

San Leonardo has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Central Luzon, which San Leonardo is part of.

Film, 0:59
Central Luzon
Central Luzon: capitals on the move
Bacolor, Malolos, San Isidro and Cabanatuan each served as a capital of the Philippines between 1762 and 1899, before the government moved on to Tarlac.
The Map Moved

All Stories

Its story

In 1903 San Leonardo was merged into Peñaranda under Act No. 933.^[9]

In 1907 Act No. 1717 made San Leonardo a municipality again, with the territory it had before the merger.^[10]

Timeline

8 October 1903
Act No. 933 merged San Leonardo into Peñaranda, reducing the province to fifteen municipalities.^[9]

Nearby

San Leonardo shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

San Leonardo beside Nueva Ecija, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija.

San Leonardo beside Nueva Ecija
Figure	San Leonardo	Nueva Ecija	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Nueva Ecija
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	69,180^{[1, 2]}	2,395,816	15th of 32
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.22% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	0.88% a year	30th of 32
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	1,296^[6]more crowded	476	2nd of 32
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	53.36 km²^[6]	5,036.88 km²	31st of 32
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	3.1^{[1, 2]}lower	3.5	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	76.6%^[5]higher	43.6%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Palayan City, the capital of Nueva Ecija: 18.4 km east
Manila: 87.7 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

Santa RosaNueva Ecija5.6 km northeast
PeñarandaNueva Ecija5.8 km east
JaenNueva Ecija7.7 km west
Gapan CityNueva Ecija10.5 km south
Cabanatuan CityNueva Ecija13.3 km north
San IsidroNueva Ecija14.7 km south

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Central Luzon (OpenSTAT table 0031A6DTPH2). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Philippine Commission (via The LawPhil Project - Arellano Law Foundation). Act No. 933 (8 October 1903). Published October 8, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Lawphil Project (Arellano Law Foundation). Act No. 1717, An Act to Increase the Number of Municipalities in the Province of Nueva Ecija From Fifteen to Twenty-One. Published September 20, 1907. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
19.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
29.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/nueva-ecija/san-leonardo