Municipality

Tuao

Tuao is a municipality in Cagayan, Cagayan Valley, Philippines. Its population was 66,147 in the 2024 census, and it has 32 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
66,147
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 14.8% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
5th
of the 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 5 of every 100 people in Cagayan lived in Tuao in 2024 (5.15%)
Inside itSources
32
barangays
LandSources
225.82 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Tuao's land would fill a square about 15.0 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 293 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 3 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
16,647
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
5.4%
About 5 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0201528000^[4]Formerly 021528000
ZIP code: 3528^{[15, 16, 17]}

People

Tuao had 66,147 people in the 2024 census, up 14.8% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Tuao had the 5th most people of the 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan in 2024^[1]

2Baggao90,723
3Solana89,840
4Aparri68,368
5Tuao66,147
6Gattaran59,704
7Amulung50,903
8Peñablanca50,856

All 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 49 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Mungo4,8737 in 100
Bagumbayan4,5017 in 100
Alabug3,9356 in 100
Bulagao3,8626 in 100
Accusilian2,7384 in 100
Cato2,6624 in 100
Pata2,6384 in 100
Lallayug2,5704 in 100
San Luis2,5434 in 100
Culung2,2783 in 100

See all 32 barangays of Tuao

Age structure · 2020 Census^[36]People living in households, by age and sex

About 28 of every 100 are children under 15 (28.2%)
About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (65.4%)
About 6 of every 100 are 65 or older (6.4%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	5,175	2,730	2,445
5 - 9	6,415	3,287	3,128
10 - 14	6,406	3,336	3,070
15 - 19	5,916	3,139	2,777
20 - 24	5,575	2,814	2,761
25 - 29	5,370	2,749	2,621
30 - 34	4,758	2,427	2,331
35 - 39	4,294	2,158	2,136
40 - 44	3,890	2,011	1,879
45 - 49	3,455	1,803	1,652
50 - 54	3,156	1,576	1,580
55 - 59	2,937	1,537	1,400
60 - 64	2,377	1,184	1,193
65 - 69	1,685	813	872
70 - 74	1,055	444	611
75 - 79	620	259	361
80 years and over	756	245	511

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 66,147^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 16,647^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Cagayan, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 5.15%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 5.4% (3,542 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 32,512 men, 31,328 women^[36]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	66,147^{[1, 2]}	0.81% a year	16,647	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	63,970^[1]	0.82% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	61,535^[1]	1.26% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	57,620^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	57,154^[34]	0.91% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	53,536^{[34, 35]}	1.79% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	49,285^[34]	2.18% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	43,926^[34]	1.94% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	36,255^[34]	2.79% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	31,597^[34]	1.91% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	28,757^[34]	2.10% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	23,257^[34]	—	—	—

Barangays

Tuao is made up of 32 barangays.

Barangays of Tuao. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Accusilian	2,738	4.14%	7.11% a year	about 2.14 km²	Rural
Alabiao	1,882	2.85%	1.69% a year	about 2.67 km²	Rural
Alabug	3,935	5.95%	2.25% a year	about 3.75 km²	Rural
Angang	1,059	1.6%	−1.71% a year	about 3.52 km²	Rural
Bagumbayan	4,501	6.8%	0.15% a year	about 4.31 km²	Rural
Barancuag	1,117	1.69%	0.88% a year	about 1.84 km²	Rural
Battung	2,250	3.4%	−0.49% a year	about 3.94 km²	Rural
Bicok	1,393	2.11%	0.10% a year	about 5.41 km²	Rural
Bugnay	2,094	3.17%	0.13% a year	about 12.99 km²	Rural
Bulagao	3,862	5.84%	0.64% a year	about 13.15 km²	Rural
Cagumitan	1,722	2.6%	0.90% a year	about 2.44 km²	Rural
Cato	2,662	4.02%	0.45% a year	about 2.18 km²	Rural
Culung	2,278	3.44%	1.03% a year	about 10.65 km²	Rural
Dagupan	2,175	3.29%	0.33% a year	about 4.16 km²	Rural
Fugu	2,105	3.18%	0.66% a year	about 2.35 km²	Rural
Lakambini	1,087	1.64%	0.04% a year	about 10.41 km²	Rural
Lallayug	2,570	3.89%	0.87% a year	about 5.18 km²	Rural
Malalinta	961	1.45%	0.45% a year	about 6.46 km²	Rural
Malummin	2,059	3.11%	2.72% a year	about 8.52 km²	Rural
Mambacag	1,428	2.16%	0.36% a year	about 26.76 km²	Rural
Mungo	4,873	7.37%	−0.59% a year	about 5.87 km²	Rural
Naruangan	2,023	3.06%	−0.95% a year	about 2.82 km²	Rural
Palca	1,819	2.75%	0.03% a year	about 4.38 km²	Rural
Pata	2,638	3.99%	0.77% a year	about 6.65 km²	Rural
Poblacion I	1,017	1.54%	0.17% a year	about 0.211 km²	Urban
Poblacion II	852	1.29%	2.62% a year	about 0.217 km²	Urban
San Juan	1,090	1.65%	1.70% a year	about 8.18 km²	Rural
San Luis	2,543	3.84%	0.80% a year	about 7.16 km²	Rural
San Vicente	1,027	1.55%	0.09% a year	about 6.15 km²	Rural
Sto. Tomas	1,483	2.24%	0.54% a year	about 3.25 km²	Rural
Taribubu	1,673	2.53%	0.32% a year	about 4.90 km²	Urban
Villalaida	1,231	1.86%	2.58% a year	about 6.34 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Tuao covers 225.82 km² of land, 293 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 232 m above the sea and it lies inland.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 225.82 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 293 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 17.66546° N, 121.52705° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[30]

Lowest: 22 m
Average: 53 m
Highest: 232 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers^[31]

Chico River18.4 of 252.3 km
Chico River6.4 of 6.6 km
Chico River3.4 km
Chico River1.9 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[32]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Tuguegarao, the nearest PAGASA station, 24 km away^[33]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 1,769 mm of rain on 110 days a year; 26.9 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Tuguegarao, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	34 mm	5	23.6 °C	28.3 °C	18.9 °C
February	32 mm	5	24.5 °C	29.8 °C	19.2 °C
March	32 mm	4	26.6 °C	32.5 °C	20.8 °C
April	47 mm	5	28.9 °C	35.1 °C	22.6 °C
May	141 mm	9	29.5 °C	35.6 °C	23.4 °C
June	136 mm	9	29.4 °C	35.2 °C	23.6 °C
July	206 mm	13	28.5 °C	33.7 °C	23.3 °C
August	217 mm	12	28.2 °C	33.2 °C	23.3 °C
September	226 mm	12	27.8 °C	32.7 °C	23.0 °C
October	283 mm	13	26.6 °C	31.2 °C	22.0 °C
November	258 mm	12	25.4 °C	29.6 °C	21.1 °C
December	158 mm	11	23.8 °C	27.9 °C	19.8 °C
The year	1,769 mm	110	26.9 °C	32.1 °C	21.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 62 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 11 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 10.7% of people^[20]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 11 of every 100 people in Tuao lived below the poverty line in 2021 (10.7%)^[20]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 8.3% and 13.2%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

4government offices
1hospital or health centre
39schools
4places of worship
1market
1station or terminal
2parks

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices4

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Tuao. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[13, 14]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 3rd district of Cagayan^{[18, 19]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
William Noveno Mamba^[21]
Vice mayor
Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[21]
2022–2025
Mayor
William Noveno Mamba^[22]
Vice mayor
Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[22]
2019–2022
Mayor
Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[23]
Vice mayor
William Noveno Mamba^[23]
2016–2019
Mayor
Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[24]
Vice mayor
William Noveno Mamba^[24]
2013–2016
Mayor
Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[25]
Vice mayor
Martin Malodrigo Soriano^[25]
2010–2013
Mayor
William Noveno Mamba^[26]
Vice mayor
Martin Malodrigo Soriano^[26]
2007–2010
Mayor
William Noveno Mamba^[27]
Vice mayor
Guillermo Turo Sumigad^[27]
2004–2007
Mayor
William Mamba^[28]
Vice mayor
Guillermo Sumigad^[28]
2001–2004
Mayor
Francisco N. Mamba Jr.^[29]
Vice mayor
Guillermo T. Sumigad^[29]

Mayors and vice mayors of Tuao, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	William Noveno Mamba^[21]	Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[21]
2022–2025	William Noveno Mamba^[22]	Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[22]
2019–2022	Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[23]	William Noveno Mamba^[23]
2016–2019	Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[24]	William Noveno Mamba^[24]
2013–2016	Francisco Noveno Mamba Jr.^[25]	Martin Malodrigo Soriano^[25]
2010–2013	William Noveno Mamba^[26]	Martin Malodrigo Soriano^[26]
2007–2010	William Noveno Mamba^[27]	Guillermo Turo Sumigad^[27]
2004–2007	William Mamba^[28]	Guillermo Sumigad^[28]
2001–2004	Francisco N. Mamba Jr.^[29]	Guillermo T. Sumigad^[29]

History & Identity

Stories from Cagayan Valley

Tuao has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Cagayan Valley, which Tuao is part of.

Film, 1:00
Cagayan Valley
Cagayan Valley: the cave and the giant province
A foot bone found in Callao Cave in 2007 led to Homo luzonensis, a human species named in 2019. The valley above was once one province covering all of northeast Luzon.
This Happened Here

All Stories

How it got its name

Local traditionThe town's website tells a legend. A big black bird kicked down the cross that missionaries had put up. It flew west and landed where the church now stands, crying out "Bat... tu... ao". The priests took the last two syllables as the name of the new pueblo.^[10]

Its story

The town's website gives 1604 as the start of Tuao's recorded history, when the Spanish civil government founded it.^[11]

The church accepted the new Spanish pueblo on 13 May 1612, which opened it to Christianization.^[11]

Local traditionThe legend says the bird's act happened three times, so the missionaries moved the church to where the bird led them, and they chose the Holy Guardian Angels as patron saints. The fiesta falls on 2 October.^[10]

In 1903 Act No. 944 listed Tuao among the Cagayan municipalities that kept their boundaries.^[12]

Timeline

1604
The Spanish civil government founded Tuao, according to the town website.^[11]
13 May 1612
The new Spanish pueblo was accepted by the church.^[11]
15 October 1903
Act No. 944 kept Tuao's boundaries as they were when it cut Cagayan's 33 municipalities to 22.^[12]

Nearby

Tuao shares a border with 6 places.

How it compares

Tuao beside Cagayan, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Cagayan.

Tuao beside Cagayan
Figure	Tuao	Cagayan	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Cagayan
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	66,147^{[1, 2]}	1,284,676	5th of 29
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.81% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.30% a year	5th of 29
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	293^[6]more crowded	134	3rd of 29
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	225.82 km²^[6]	9,554.62 km²	13th of 29
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}higher	3.9	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	5.4%^[5]lower	17.9%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Tuguegarao City, the capital of Cagayan: 21.9 km east
Manila: 346.9 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

PiatCagayan10.4 km north
SolanaCagayan12.6 km east
PinukpukKalinga12.7 km southwest
RizalKalinga19.0 km south
Tuguegarao CityCagayan21.9 km east
EnrileCagayan25.0 km southeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Cagayan Valley (OpenSTAT table 0021A6DTPH1). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Municipality of Tuao, Cagayan. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Municipality of Tuao, Cagayan. Origin of name - tuao-cagayan.gov.ph. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Municipality of Tuao, Cagayan. History - tuao-cagayan.gov.ph. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Philippine Commission. Act No. 944, An Act Reducing the Thirty-Three Municipalities of the Province of Cagayan to Twenty-Two. Published October 15, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
18.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
20.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
21.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
30.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
31.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
36.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Tuao, Cagayan.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/cagayan/tuao