Municipality

Solana

Solana is a municipality in Cagayan, Cagayan Valley, Philippines. Its population was 89,840 in the 2024 census, and it has 38 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
89,840
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 17.3% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
3rd
of the 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 7 of every 100 people in Cagayan lived in Solana in 2024 (6.99%)
Inside itSources
38
barangays
LandSources
200.80 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Solana's land would fill a square about 14.2 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 447 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 4 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
23,640
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3.8 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
13.8%
About 14 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0201527000^[4]Formerly 021527000
ZIP code: 3503^{[14, 15, 16]}

People

Solana had 89,840 people in the 2024 census, up 17.3% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Solana had the 3rd most people of the 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan in 2024^[1]

1Tuguegarao City167,297
2Baggao90,723
3Solana89,840
4Aparri68,368
5Tuao66,147
6Gattaran59,704
7Amulung50,903

All 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 44 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Sampaguita6,2087 in 100
Iraga4,6295 in 100
Bangag4,6155 in 100
Dassun4,3975 in 100
Lanna4,3925 in 100
Gadu3,5954 in 100
Maguirig3,1253 in 100
Natappian West2,9613 in 100
Nangalisan2,9363 in 100
Andarayan North2,8663 in 100

See all 38 barangays of Solana

Age structure · 2020 Census^[35]People living in households, by age and sex

About 29 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.2%)
About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (64.9%)
About 6 of every 100 are 65 or older (5.9%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	7,863	4,088	3,775
5 - 9	8,997	4,660	4,337
10 - 14	8,947	4,551	4,396
15 - 19	8,307	4,276	4,031
20 - 24	8,248	4,246	4,002
25 - 29	7,538	3,885	3,653
30 - 34	6,627	3,456	3,171
35 - 39	5,786	3,016	2,770
40 - 44	5,373	2,813	2,560
45 - 49	4,608	2,404	2,204
50 - 54	4,130	2,122	2,008
55 - 59	3,677	1,836	1,841
60 - 64	3,068	1,486	1,582
65 - 69	2,064	951	1,113
70 - 74	1,345	563	782
75 - 79	820	329	491
80 years and over	949	349	600

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 89,840^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 23,640^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 3.8 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Cagayan, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 6.99%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 13.8% (12,356 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 45,031 men, 43,316 women^[35]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	89,840^{[1, 2]}	0.38% a year	23,640	3.8
2020as of May 1, 2020	88,445^[1]	1.47% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	82,502^[1]	1.42% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	76,596^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	71,475^[33]	0.79% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	67,512^{[33, 34]}	2.43% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	60,346^[33]	1.29% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	56,366^[33]	2.04% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	46,064^[33]	2.58% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	40,553^[33]	3.49% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	34,172^[33]	2.10% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	27,631^[33]	—	—	—

Barangays

Solana is made up of 38 barangays.

Barangays of Solana. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Andarayan North	2,866	3.19%	1.94% a year	about 2.49 km²	Rural
Andarayan South	1,870	2.08%	0.59% a year	about 1.18 km²	Rural
Bangag	4,615	5.14%	0.45% a year	about 11.23 km²	Rural
Bantay	1,624	1.81%	0.24% a year	about 8.88 km²	Rural
Basi East	1,827	2.03%	0.08% a year	about 1.74 km²	Rural
Basi West	2,530	2.82%	0.64% a year	about 5.45 km²	Rural
Bauan East	2,551	2.84%	0.10% a year	about 4.13 km²	Rural
Bauan West	2,695	3%	0.14% a year	about 6.94 km²	Rural
Cadaanan	2,820	3.14%	1.36% a year	about 16.28 km²	Rural
Calamagui	2,251	2.51%	0.44% a year	about 1.71 km²	Rural
Calillauan	1,265	1.41%	0.75% a year	about 3.01 km²	Rural
Carilucud	1,930	2.15%	0.59% a year	about 6.49 km²	Rural
Cattaran	2,615	2.91%	−1.46% a year	about 13.48 km²	Rural
Centro Northeast	1,129	1.26%	1.07% a year	about 1.06 km²	Rural
Centro Northwest	1,973	2.2%	0.29% a year	about 1.71 km²	Rural
Centro Southeast	722	0.8%	−0.75% a year	about 1.05 km²	Rural
Centro Southwest	1,116	1.24%	0.22% a year	about 0.861 km²	Urban
Dassun	4,397	4.89%	1.06% a year	about 4.53 km²	Rural
Furagui	1,745	1.94%	0.12% a year	about 10.14 km²	Rural
Gadu	3,595	4%	0.19% a year	about 9.52 km²	Rural
Gen. Eulogio Balao	1,879	2.09%	0.58% a year	about 7.83 km²	Rural
Iraga	4,629	5.15%	0.52% a year	about 22.03 km²	Rural
Lanna	4,392	4.89%	0.24% a year	about 5.32 km²	Rural
Lannig	1,735	1.93%	1.32% a year	about 13.75 km²	Urban
Lingu	2,214	2.46%	0.76% a year	about 1.98 km²	Urban
Maddarulug	1,083	1.21%	−4.16% a year	about 7.23 km²	Urban
Maguirig	3,125	3.48%	0.12% a year	about 16.30 km²	Rural
Malalam-Malacabibi	1,698	1.89%	0.23% a year	about 7.88 km²	Rural
Nabbotuan	959	1.07%	−4.42% a year	about 5.48 km²	Rural
Nangalisan	2,936	3.27%	0.44% a year	about 6.39 km²	Rural
Natappian East	2,440	2.72%	0.10% a year	about 2.04 km²	Rural
Natappian West	2,961	3.3%	0.67% a year	about 0.829 km²	Rural
Padul	2,031	2.26%	0.72% a year	about 10.09 km²	Rural
Palao	1,656	1.84%	2.78% a year	about 4.38 km²	Rural
Parug-parug	1,688	1.88%	0.29% a year	about 7.10 km²	Rural
Pataya	548	0.61%	0.44% a year	about 1.42 km²	Rural
Sampaguita	6,208	6.91%	0.53% a year	about 38.93 km²	Urban
Ubong	1,522	1.69%	0.11% a year	about 3.55 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Solana covers 200.80 km² of land, 447 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 186 m above the sea and it lies inland.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 200.80 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 447 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 17.67086° N, 121.64574° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[29]

Lowest: 8 m
Average: 39 m
Highest: 186 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers^[30]

Pangul River27.7 of 39.5 km
Pangul River16.0 of 31.3 km
Cagayan River11.3 of 521.5 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[31]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Tuguegarao, the nearest PAGASA station, 12 km away^[32]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 1,769 mm of rain on 110 days a year; 26.9 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Tuguegarao, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	34 mm	5	23.6 °C	28.3 °C	18.9 °C
February	32 mm	5	24.5 °C	29.8 °C	19.2 °C
March	32 mm	4	26.6 °C	32.5 °C	20.8 °C
April	47 mm	5	28.9 °C	35.1 °C	22.6 °C
May	141 mm	9	29.5 °C	35.6 °C	23.4 °C
June	136 mm	9	29.4 °C	35.2 °C	23.6 °C
July	206 mm	13	28.5 °C	33.7 °C	23.3 °C
August	217 mm	12	28.2 °C	33.2 °C	23.3 °C
September	226 mm	12	27.8 °C	32.7 °C	23.0 °C
October	283 mm	13	26.6 °C	31.2 °C	22.0 °C
November	258 mm	12	25.4 °C	29.6 °C	21.1 °C
December	158 mm	11	23.8 °C	27.9 °C	19.8 °C
The year	1,769 mm	110	26.9 °C	32.1 °C	21.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 62 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 12 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 12.2% of people^[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 12 of every 100 people in Solana lived below the poverty line in 2021 (12.2%)^[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 9.8% and 14.7%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

6government offices
1hospital or health centre
42schools
3places of worship
1market

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices5

Hospitals and health centres1

Solana Municipal Health Office · Centro Southeast

Markets1

Solana Public Market · Centro Southeast

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Solana. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[12, 13]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 3rd district of Cagayan^{[17, 18]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[20]
Vice mayor
Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[20]
2022–2025
Mayor
Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[21]
Vice mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[22]
Vice mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[23]
Vice mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[24]
Vice mayor
Roberto Afan Cauilan^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[25]
Vice mayor
Roberto Afan Cauilan^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
Meynard Zinampan Carag^[26]
Vice mayor
Rodrigo Calubaquib De Asis^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
Rodrigo De Asis^[27]
Vice mayor
Meynard Carag^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Rodrigo C. De De Asis^[28]
Vice mayor
Felipa M. Lingan^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Solana, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[20]	Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[20]
2022–2025	Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[21]	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[21]
2019–2022	Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[22]	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[22]
2016–2019	Jennalyn Pagalilauan Carag^[23]	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[23]
2013–2016	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[24]	Roberto Afan Cauilan^[24]
2010–2013	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[25]	Roberto Afan Cauilan^[25]
2007–2010	Meynard Zinampan Carag^[26]	Rodrigo Calubaquib De Asis^[26]
2004–2007	Rodrigo De Asis^[27]	Meynard Carag^[27]
2001–2004	Rodrigo C. De De Asis^[28]	Felipa M. Lingan^[28]

History & Identity

Stories from Cagayan Valley

Solana has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Cagayan Valley, which Solana is part of.

Film, 1:00
Cagayan Valley
Cagayan Valley: the cave and the giant province
A foot bone found in Callao Cave in 2007 led to Homo luzonensis, a human species named in 2019. The valley above was once one province covering all of northeast Luzon.
This Happened Here

All Stories

Its story

A regional government page gives 18 August 1851 as the date Solana was officially established, and says the place was first called Marague.^[10]

In 1903 Act No. 944 kept the boundaries of Solana as they were when Cagayan's municipalities were cut from 33 to 22.^[11]

Timeline

18 August 1851
Solana was officially established, according to a regional government page.^[10]
15 October 1903
Act No. 944 kept the boundaries of Solana as they were.^[11]

Nearby

Solana shares a border with 7 places.

How it compares

Solana beside Cagayan, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Cagayan.

Solana beside Cagayan
Figure	Solana	Cagayan	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Cagayan
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	89,840^{[1, 2]}	1,284,676	3rd of 29
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.38% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.30% a year	14th of 29
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	447^[6]more crowded	134	2nd of 29
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	200.80 km²^[6]	9,554.62 km²	17th of 29
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	3.8^{[1, 2]}lower	3.9	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	13.8%^[5]lower	17.9%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Tuguegarao City, the capital of Cagayan: 9.9 km southeast
Manila: 349.8 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

Tuguegarao CityCagayan9.9 km southeast
TuaoCagayan12.6 km west
PiatCagayan15.1 km northwest
IguigCagayan15.4 km northeast
EnrileCagayan16.4 km southeast
RizalKalinga19.4 km south

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Cagayan Valley (OpenSTAT table 0021A6DTPH1). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Municipality of Solana, Cagayan. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Regional Development Council II (Cagayan Valley). Cities and Municipalities of Cagayan. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Philippine Commission. Act No. 944, An Act Reducing the Thirty-Three Municipalities of the Province of Cagayan to Twenty-Two. Published October 15, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
30.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Solana, Cagayan.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/cagayan/solana