Municipality

Peñablanca

Peñablanca is a municipality in Cagayan, Cagayan Valley, Philippines. Its population was 50,856 in the 2024 census, and it has 24 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
50,856
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 19% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
8th
of the 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 4 of every 100 people in Cagayan lived in Peñablanca in 2024 (3.96%)
Inside itSources
24
barangays
LandSources
1,246.23 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Peñablanca's land would fill a square about 35.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 41 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per 2 hectares if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
13,154
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3.8 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
14.1%
About 14 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0201519000^[4]Formerly 021519000
ZIP code: 3502^{[12, 13, 14]}

People

Peñablanca had 50,856 people in the 2024 census, up 19% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Peñablanca had the 8th most people of the 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan in 2024^[1]

5Tuao66,147
6Gattaran59,704
7Amulung50,903
8Peñablanca50,856
9Lal-Lo48,404
10Lasam42,042
11Gonzaga41,994

All 29 cities and municipalities of Cagayan

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 61 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Dodan4,1158 in 100
Camasi3,9098 in 100
Quibal3,4097 in 100
Alimannao3,2446 in 100
Centro3,2106 in 100
Lapi2,9986 in 100
Manga2,8546 in 100
Baliuag2,5755 in 100
Aggugaddan2,5605 in 100
Cabbo2,1554 in 100

See all 24 barangays of Peñablanca

Age structure · 2020 Census^[33]People living in households, by age and sex

About 29 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.4%)
About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (64.9%)
About 6 of every 100 are 65 or older (5.7%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	4,596	2,398	2,198
5 - 9	5,152	2,666	2,486
10 - 14	5,030	2,572	2,458
15 - 19	4,716	2,454	2,262
20 - 24	4,658	2,440	2,218
25 - 29	4,234	2,190	2,044
30 - 34	3,863	1,981	1,882
35 - 39	3,262	1,664	1,598
40 - 44	3,101	1,634	1,467
45 - 49	2,666	1,382	1,284
50 - 54	2,227	1,142	1,085
55 - 59	2,078	1,011	1,067
60 - 64	1,814	878	936
65 - 69	1,261	594	667
70 - 74	694	313	381
75 - 79	361	142	219
80 years and over	528	196	332

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 50,856^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 13,154^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 3.8 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Cagayan, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 3.96%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 14.1% (7,153 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 25,657 men, 24,584 women^[33]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	50,856^{[1, 2]}	0.26% a year	13,154	3.8
2020as of May 1, 2020	50,300^[1]	0.73% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	48,584^[1]	2.47% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	42,736^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	40,336^[31]	0.87% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	37,872^{[31, 32]}	2.87% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	33,190^[31]	1.58% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	30,527^[31]	2.06% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	24,888^[31]	2.84% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	21,638^[31]	3.51% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	18,218^[31]	3.26% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	13,119^[31]	—	—	—

Barangays

Peñablanca is made up of 24 barangays.

Barangays of Peñablanca. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Aggugaddan	2,560	5.03%	−0.88% a year	about 3.91 km²	Rural
Alimannao	3,244	6.38%	0.17% a year	about 2.80 km²	Urban
Baliuag	2,575	5.06%	3.09% a year	about 28.01 km²	Rural
Bical	1,768	3.48%	−1.50% a year	about 14.19 km²	Rural
Bugatay	1,444	2.84%	−0.89% a year	about 7.94 km²	Rural
Buyun	957	1.88%	2.43% a year	about 35.77 km²	Rural
Cabasan	1,114	2.19%	1.48% a year	about 11.46 km²	Rural
Cabbo	2,155	4.24%	1.11% a year	about 10.10 km²	Rural
Callao	1,662	3.27%	1.45% a year	about 2.82 km²	Rural
Camasi	3,909	7.69%	−0.78% a year	about 2.97 km²	Urban
Centro	3,210	6.31%	2.36% a year	about 1.50 km²	Rural
Dodan	4,115	8.09%	1.97% a year	about 4.03 km²	Rural
Lapi	2,998	5.9%	−0.67% a year	about 833.28 km²	Rural
Malibabag	1,165	2.29%	−4.57% a year	about 2.24 km²	Rural
Manga	2,854	5.61%	3.12% a year	about 30.36 km²	Rural
Minanga	1,394	2.74%	−2.89% a year	about 13.20 km²	Rural
Nabbabalayan	535	1.05%	−6.66% a year	about 10.34 km²	Rural
Nanguilattan	1,891	3.72%	0.49% a year	about 44.99 km²	Rural
Nannarian	2,141	4.21%	2.69% a year	about 6.98 km²	Rural
Parabba	1,711	3.36%	−0.77% a year	about 5.70 km²	Rural
Patagueleg	566	1.11%	−4.97% a year	about 5.59 km²	Rural
Quibal	3,409	6.7%	−0.83% a year	about 44.90 km²	Rural
San Roque	1,549	3.05%	0.28% a year	about 9.52 km²	Rural
Sisim	1,930	3.8%	0.40% a year	about 12.54 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Peñablanca covers 1,246.23 km² of land, 41 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,814 m above the sea and it has 36.6 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 1,246.23 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 41 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 17.68038° N, 121.91969° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[27]

Lowest: 0 m
Average: 537 m
Highest: 1,814 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

36.6 km of coastline^[28]

Rivers^[28]

Pinancauanan River63.5 of 77.6 km
Natulud Creek36.9 of 37.0 km
San Miguel River18.4 of 33.1 km
Ilang River16.5 km
Abaca Creek14.9 km
Bauan Creek12.7 km
Dulang River11.2 km
Lobod River8.2 of 16.7 km

The longest inside it: 16 in all.

Peaks^[28]

Flat Peakheight not mapped
Jungle Mountainheight not mapped
Mount Cetaceoheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[29]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Covers about 69 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Tuguegarao, the nearest PAGASA station, 18 km away^[30]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 1,769 mm of rain on 110 days a year; 26.9 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Tuguegarao, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	34 mm	5	23.6 °C	28.3 °C	18.9 °C
February	32 mm	5	24.5 °C	29.8 °C	19.2 °C
March	32 mm	4	26.6 °C	32.5 °C	20.8 °C
April	47 mm	5	28.9 °C	35.1 °C	22.6 °C
May	141 mm	9	29.5 °C	35.6 °C	23.4 °C
June	136 mm	9	29.4 °C	35.2 °C	23.6 °C
July	206 mm	13	28.5 °C	33.7 °C	23.3 °C
August	217 mm	12	28.2 °C	33.2 °C	23.3 °C
September	226 mm	12	27.8 °C	32.7 °C	23.0 °C
October	283 mm	13	26.6 °C	31.2 °C	22.0 °C
November	258 mm	12	25.4 °C	29.6 °C	21.1 °C
December	158 mm	11	23.8 °C	27.9 °C	19.8 °C
The year	1,769 mm	110	26.9 °C	32.1 °C	21.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 62 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 10 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 10.2% of people^[17]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 10 of every 100 people in Peñablanca lived below the poverty line in 2021 (10.2%)^[17]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 7.8% and 12.5%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

5government offices
1hospital or health centre
35schools
7places of worship
1market
1station or terminal

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices3

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Peñablanca. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[10, 11]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 3rd district of Cagayan^{[15, 16]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[18]
Vice mayor
Washington Maramag Taguinod^[18]
2022–2025
Mayor
Washington Maramag Taguinod^[19]
Vice mayor
Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[19]
2019–2022
Mayor
Washington Maramag Taguinod^[20]
Vice mayor
Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[20]
2016–2019
Mayor
Washington Maramag Taguinod^[21]
Vice mayor
Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[21]
2013–2016
Mayor
Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[22]
Vice mayor
Washington Maramag Taguinod^[22]
2010–2013
Mayor
Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[23]
Vice mayor
Elvis Lagundi Sibbaluca^[23]
2007–2010
Mayor
Marilyn Montes Julia^[24]
Vice mayor
Ma. Victoria Jose Saquing^[24]
2004–2007
Mayor
Washington Taguinod^[25]
Vice mayor
Ma. Victoria Saquing^[25]
2001–2004
Mayor
Washington M. Taguinod^[26]
Vice mayor
Ma. Victoria J. Saquing^[26]

Mayors and vice mayors of Peñablanca, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[18]	Washington Maramag Taguinod^[18]
2022–2025	Washington Maramag Taguinod^[19]	Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[19]
2019–2022	Washington Maramag Taguinod^[20]	Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[20]
2016–2019	Washington Maramag Taguinod^[21]	Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[21]
2013–2016	Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[22]	Washington Maramag Taguinod^[22]
2010–2013	Marilyn Julia Taguinod^[23]	Elvis Lagundi Sibbaluca^[23]
2007–2010	Marilyn Montes Julia^[24]	Ma. Victoria Jose Saquing^[24]
2004–2007	Washington Taguinod^[25]	Ma. Victoria Saquing^[25]
2001–2004	Washington M. Taguinod^[26]	Ma. Victoria J. Saquing^[26]

History & Identity

Stories that tell of Peñablanca

Peñablanca is part of this Story, told from its own place.

Film, 1:00
Cagayan Valley
Cagayan Valley: the cave and the giant province
A foot bone found in Callao Cave in 2007 led to Homo luzonensis, a human species named in 2019. The valley above was once one province covering all of northeast Luzon.
This Happened Here

And from Luzon, which Peñablanca is part of:

Film, 0:58
Luzon
Is Luzon named after a rice mortar?
They say Luzon is named after the lusong, the wooden mortar for pounding rice. The oldest records, from Ming China to Pigafetta's word list, leave a strange clue, but no record of a naming.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Created: Peñablanca was set up as a town on 21 November 1896 by Royal Decree, out of the old Barrio de Bubug.^[9]

How it got its name

The name is said to come from the white limestone cliffs around the Callao Caves. In Spanish, peña blanca means white rock.^[9]

Its story

The place was first the Barrio de Bubug. A Royal Decree made it a town on 21 November 1896.^[9]

The town holds the Callao Cave and many archaeological sites.^[9]

Timeline

21 November 1896
Bubug became the town of Peñablanca by Royal Decree.^[9]

Nearby

Peñablanca shares a border with 6 places.

How it compares

Peñablanca beside Cagayan, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Cagayan.

Peñablanca beside Cagayan
Figure	Peñablanca	Cagayan	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Cagayan
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	50,856^{[1, 2]}	1,284,676	8th of 29
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.26% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	0.30% a year	18th of 29
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	41^[6]less crowded	134	28th of 29
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	1,246.23 km²^[6]	9,554.62 km²	1st of 29
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	3.8^{[1, 2]}lower	3.9	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	14.1%^[5]lower	17.9%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Tuguegarao City, the capital of Cagayan: 20.7 km west
Manila: 357.7 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

IguigCagayan19.2 km northwest
Tuguegarao CityCagayan20.7 km west
San PabloIsabela23.8 km south
EnrileCagayan25.6 km southwest
AmulungCagayan26.3 km northwest
BaggaoCagayan27.4 km north

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Cagayan Valley (OpenSTAT table 0021A6DTPH1). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Regional Development Council II (Cagayan Valley). Cities and Municipalities of Cagayan. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
16.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
18.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
28.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
29.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
31.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Peñablanca, Cagayan.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/cagayan/penablanca