Municipality

Cantilan

Cantilan is a municipality in Surigao del Sur, Caraga, Philippines. Its population was 34,233 in the 2024 census, and it has 17 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
34,233
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 13.2% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
9th
of the 19 cities and municipalities of Surigao del Sur by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 5 of every 100 people in Surigao del Sur lived in Cantilan in 2024 (5.28%)
Inside itSources
17
barangays
LandSources
169.84 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Cantilan's land would fill a square about 13.0 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 202 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 2 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
8,092
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.2 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
33.9%
About 34 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 1606805000^[4]Formerly 166805000
ZIP code: 8317^{[14, 15, 16]}

People

Cantilan had 34,233 people in the 2024 census, up 13.2% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Cantilan had the 9th most people of the 19 cities and municipalities of Surigao del Sur in 2024^[1]

6Tagbina41,157
7Tago40,097
8Lingig35,203
9Cantilan34,233
10Lianga34,213
11Carrascal25,672
12San Agustin23,612

All 19 cities and municipalities of Surigao del Sur

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 81 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Magosilom5,02115 in 100
Parang3,99312 in 100
Lininti-an3,87711 in 100
San Pedro3,60911 in 100
Pag-Antayan2,7078 in 100
Calagdaan2,2036 in 100
Cabangahan1,8986 in 100
Consuelo1,5415 in 100
Magasang1,5254 in 100
Palasao1,3534 in 100

See all 17 barangays of Cantilan

Age structure · 2020 Census^[36]People living in households, by age and sex

About 30 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.5%)
About 63 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (63.2%)
About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (7.4%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	3,014	1,517	1,497
5 - 9	3,532	1,828	1,704
10 - 14	3,458	1,726	1,732
15 - 19	3,439	1,819	1,620
20 - 24	2,954	1,538	1,416
25 - 29	2,489	1,275	1,214
30 - 34	2,282	1,222	1,060
35 - 39	2,100	1,077	1,023
40 - 44	2,047	1,047	1,000
45 - 49	1,841	958	883
50 - 54	1,712	890	822
55 - 59	1,432	727	705
60 - 64	1,138	559	579
65 - 69	898	406	492
70 - 74	641	284	357
75 - 79	479	179	300
80 years and over	485	153	332

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 34,233^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 8,092^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.2 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Surigao del Sur, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 5.28%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 33.9% (11,605 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 17,205 men, 16,736 women^[36]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	34,233^{[1, 2]}	0.12% a year	8,092	4.2
2020as of May 1, 2020	34,060^[1]	1.66% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	31,492^[1]	0.78% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	30,231^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	28,659^[34]	1.06% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	26,553^{[34, 35]}	2.13% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	24,061^[34]	−0.62% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	24,868^[34]	1.76% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	20,889^[34]	2.80% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	18,192^[34]	1.83% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	16,617^[34]	3.41% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	11,793^[34]	—	—	—

Barangays

Cantilan is made up of 17 barangays.

Barangays of Cantilan. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Bugsukan	654	1.91%	−0.68% a year	about 1.44 km²	Rural
Buntalid	1,327	3.88%	−0.11% a year	about 9.66 km²	Rural
Cabangahan	1,898	5.54%	0.69% a year	about 7.47 km²	Rural
Cabas-an	1,256	3.67%	−0.11% a year	about 9.51 km²	Rural
Calagdaan	2,203	6.44%	−0.50% a year	about 6.40 km²	Rural
Consuelo	1,541	4.5%	0.19% a year	about 4.76 km²	Rural
General Island	907	2.65%	−1.38% a year	about 5.90 km²	Rural
Lininti-an	3,877	11.33%	−0.66% a year	about 0.618 km²	Urban
Lobo	807	2.36%	−3.62% a year	about 118.34 km²	Rural
Magasang	1,525	4.45%	1.67% a year	about 4.87 km²	Rural
Magosilom	5,021	14.67%	−0.22% a year	about 6.11 km²	Urban
Pag-Antayan	2,707	7.91%	1.00% a year	about 1.78 km²	Urban
Palasao	1,353	3.95%	−1.38% a year	about 6.29 km²	Rural
Parang	3,993	11.66%	1.34% a year	about 8.10 km²	Rural
San Pedro	3,609	10.54%	1.84% a year	about 4.02 km²	Rural
Tapi	604	1.76%	0.00% a year	about 2.39 km²	Rural
Tigabong	951	2.78%	−1.96% a year	about 6.39 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Cantilan covers 169.84 km² of land, 202 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,215 m above the sea and it has 55 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 169.84 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 202 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 9.28608° N, 125.78636° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[30]

Lowest: 1 m
Average: 256 m
Highest: 1,215 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

55.0 km of coastline^[31]

Rivers^[31]

Ticabong River21.6 of 26.5 km
Carac-an River20.2 of 51.7 km
Tambis River6.8 km
Cantilan River5.9 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type II^[32]

No dry season. The rain is heaviest from December to February, and no month is truly dry.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Butuan City, the nearest PAGASA station, 50 km away^[33]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,126 mm of rain on 157 days a year; 28.1 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Butuan City, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	326 mm	18	26.6 °C	30.2 °C	23.0 °C
February	235 mm	13	26.9 °C	30.8 °C	22.9 °C
March	149 mm	13	27.6 °C	31.8 °C	23.3 °C
April	117 mm	10	28.5 °C	33.0 °C	24.0 °C
May	111 mm	11	29.2 °C	33.7 °C	24.7 °C
June	174 mm	14	28.9 °C	33.2 °C	24.5 °C
July	152 mm	13	28.5 °C	32.7 °C	24.3 °C
August	114 mm	10	28.6 °C	32.9 °C	24.4 °C
September	127 mm	10	28.6 °C	32.9 °C	24.2 °C
October	170 mm	13	28.4 °C	32.6 °C	24.2 °C
November	198 mm	15	27.8 °C	31.7 °C	23.8 °C
December	252 mm	17	27.4 °C	31.1 °C	23.6 °C
The year	2,126 mm	157	28.1 °C	32.2 °C	23.9 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 18 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 25 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 25.4% of people^[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 25 of every 100 people in Cantilan lived below the poverty line in 2021 (25.4%)^[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 20.7% and 30.2%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

34government offices
2hospitals and health centres
29schools
4places of worship
1market
3stations and terminals
1park

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Where a kind has more than 8, this page shows 6: first those with “Cantilan” in their name, then one in each of its most populous barangays.

Government offices17

11 more government offices are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See the 17 barangays of Cantilan

Hospitals and health centres2

Markets1

Cantilan Public Market · Magosilom

Stations and terminals3

Parks1

Cantilan Plaza · Magosilom

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Cantilan. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[12, 13]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 1st district of Surigao del Sur^{[17, 18]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Rodrigo Loria Eleazar^[20]
Vice mayor
Liberte Guimary Cale^[20]
2022–2025
Mayor
Philip Arreza Pichay^[21]
Vice mayor
Rodrigo Loria Eleazar^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Maria Carla Lopez Pichay^[22]
Vice mayor
Genito Baradillo Guardo^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Philip Arreza Pichay^[23]
Vice mayor
Genito Baradillo Guardo^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Genito Baradillo Guardo^[24]
Vice mayor
Marlyn Ravelo Plaza^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Genito Baradillo Guardo^[25]
Vice mayor
Virgilio Dumay Azarcon^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
Tomasa Luga Guardo^[26]
Vice mayor
Rosa Pejo Correos^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
Tomasa Guardo^[27]
Vice mayor
Marlyn Plaza^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Tomasa L. Guardo^[28]
Vice mayor
Rolando U. Julve^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Cantilan, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Rodrigo Loria Eleazar^[20]	Liberte Guimary Cale^[20]
2022–2025	Philip Arreza Pichay^[21]	Rodrigo Loria Eleazar^[21]
2019–2022	Maria Carla Lopez Pichay^[22]	Genito Baradillo Guardo^[22]
2016–2019	Philip Arreza Pichay^[23]	Genito Baradillo Guardo^[23]
2013–2016	Genito Baradillo Guardo^[24]	Marlyn Ravelo Plaza^[24]
2010–2013	Genito Baradillo Guardo^[25]	Virgilio Dumay Azarcon^[25]
2007–2010	Tomasa Luga Guardo^[26]	Rosa Pejo Correos^[26]
2004–2007	Tomasa Guardo^[27]	Marlyn Plaza^[27]
2001–2004	Tomasa L. Guardo^[28]	Rolando U. Julve^[28]

Before 2001

The heads of Cantilan before COMELEC's lists begin, newest first, as the local government's own page lists them, with the office as that page writes it ("Not given" where it names no single office). "From" a year: the page gives only when the term began.

Heads of Cantilan before 2001, newest first
Years	Name	Office
1998–2001	Leodegario R. Arreza^[29]	Not given
1995–1998	Matias H. Valeroso^[29]	Not given
1994–1995	Pedro P. Arreza^[29]	Not given
1988–1992	Live M. Azarcon^[29]	Not given
1986–1988	Senecia Y. Hotchkiss^[29]	Not given
1980–1986	Fabio Guazon Altrecha^[29]	Not given
1972–1980	Nicolas A. Pantejo C.E.^[29]	Not given
1968–1971	Castor A. Guerta^[29]	Not given
1964–1967	Dominador C. Duero^[29]	Not given
1959–1963	Eladio A. Cortes^[29]	Not given
1956–1957	Pia C. Arreza^[29]	Not given
1954–1956	Diego A. Millan^[29]	Not given
1946–1953	Felix Coleto^[29]	Not given
1945–1946	Andres A. Arreza^[29]	Not given
1941–1945	Hospecio Segarra^[29]	Not given
1937–1941	Juan O. Buniel^[29]	Not given
1931–1937	Jose Arreza^[29]	Not given
1928–1931	Bernandino Ortega^[29]	Not given
1925–1928	Pedro O. Plaza^[29]	Not given
1916–1924	Juan Ortiz^[29]	Not given
1912–1915	Gabriel Herrera^[29]	Not given

History & Identity

Stories from Caraga

Cantilan has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Caraga, which Cantilan is part of.

Film, 0:59
Caraga
Caraga: the name that vanished and came back
They say Caraga comes from calag, spirit. Pigafetta wrote Calagan in 1521. The province was split in 1849, the name returned as a region in 1995, and the town called Caraga sits in Davao Oriental.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

How it got its name

Local traditionThe town's own history page gives a legend: the name came from a big bivalve shell called Tilang, near which lived a couple with beautiful daughters. Suitors asked where they were going would answer "Can Tilang", meaning to Tilang's.^[9]

Its story

The town's history page says Cantilan existed as a settlement as early as 1622.^[9]

It says Moro raiders burned the barrios of Bayuyo and Calagdan in 1752, and that by 1761 Calagdan, Palasao and Bayuyo were resettled together across the river in the place later called Cantilang.^[9]

It says Cantilan became a regular parish in 1782.^[9]

It says a hurricane on October 14, 1856 swept the old town away, and the survivors crossed the river and built the new Cantilan.^[9]

It says an executive order of December 10, 1918 divided Cantilan into three parts.^[9]

It says Cantilan was a refuge for people escaping the Japanese occupation of coastal Mindanao during the war.^[9]

Timeline

1622
Cantilan existed as a settlement, according to its LGU.^[9]
1768 (account 1)
Sources differOne account on the LGU page says the town was created by a Spanish Royal Decree of 1768 known as the Maura Law.^[9]
1782 (account 2)
Sources differAnother account on the same page says Fr. Valerio de San Agustin implemented the town in 1782 at Daan Lungsod.^[9]
1782
Cantilan became a regular parish.^[9]
October 14, 1856
A hurricane destroyed the old town; survivors rebuilt across the river.^[9]
October 22, 1903
Act No. 953 kept the municipality of Cantilan within its present boundaries when Surigao's municipalities were reduced from 34 to 29.^[10]
December 10, 1918
Executive Order No. 52 divided Cantilan into three parts, per the LGU.^[9]
1960
Republic Act 2786 divided Surigao into two provinces and listed Cantilan among the municipalities of the new province of Surigao del Sur.^[11]
1960
Cantilan joined the newly created province of Surigao del Sur.^[9]

Nearby

Cantilan shares a border with Carrascal, Jabonga, Madrid and Santiago.

How it compares

Cantilan beside Surigao del Sur, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Surigao del Sur.

Cantilan beside Surigao del Sur
Figure	Cantilan	Surigao del Sur	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Surigao del Sur
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	34,233^{[1, 2]}	648,858	9th of 19
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.12% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	0.25% a year	15th of 19
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	202^[6]more crowded	114	5th of 19
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	169.84 km²^[6]	5,692.86 km²	15th of 19
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.2^{[1, 2]}higher	4.1	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	33.9%^[5]lower	34.5%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Tandag City, the capital of Surigao del Sur: 45.4 km southeast
Manila: 787.9 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

SantiagoAgusan del Norte8.5 km southwest
JabongaAgusan del Norte10.7 km northwest
MadridSurigao del Sur11.4 km southeast
CarrascalSurigao del Sur13.3 km northeast
CarmenSurigao del Sur16.3 km southeast
Cabadbaran CityAgusan del Norte18.8 km southwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Region XIII (Caraga) (OpenSTAT table 0131A6DTHP2). Published August 3, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Municipality of Cantilan. History of Cantilan. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Arellano Law Foundation (Lawphil). Act No. 953 (Reducing the thirty-four municipalities of Surigao to twenty-nine). Published October 22, 1903. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation. Republic Act No. 2786, An Act to Create the Provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Published 1960. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.cantilan.gov.ph. Past Mayors | Municipality of Cantilan. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
30.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
31.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
36.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Cantilan, Surigao del Sur.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/surigao-del-sur/cantilan