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Municipality

Tugaya

Tugaya is a municipality in Lanao del Sur, Bangsamoro (BARMM), Philippines. Its population was 26,283 in the 2024 census, and it has 23 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Tugaya by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
Bacolod-KalawiBalindongMadalumPiagapoBagoaingud: 1,260 people, 5,431 per km², 0.06% a yearBubong: 1,318 people, 10,138 per km², 2.07% a yearBuadi Alawang: 859 people, 5,437 per km², 1.60% a yearBuadi Dico: 766 people, 147 per km², 1.91% a yearCampong Talao: 1,789 people, 183 per km², 4.27% a yearCayagan: 1,534 people, 16,765 per km², 0.52% a yearDandanun: 885 people, 11,927 per km², 2.70% a yearDilimbayan: 2,201 people, 3,439 per km², 0.49% a yearGurain: 945 people, 226 per km², 0.99% a yearPoblacion: 1,315 people, 15,824 per km², 0.04% a yearLumbac: 1,138 people, 16,351 per km², 3.70% a yearMaidan: 1,043 people, 1,921 per km², 0.89% a yearMapantao: 725 people, 175 per km², 0.10% a yearPagalamatan: 1,051 people, 12,025 per km², 0.23% a yearPandiaranao: 1,608 people, 5,137 per km², 0.98% a yearPindolonan I: 660 people, 1,015 per km², 0.04% a yearPindolonan II: 877 people, 10,139 per km², 3.33% a yearPutad: 1,250 people, 5,187 per km², 1.41% a yearRaya: 1,098 people, 2,351 per km², 0.37% a yearSugod I: 1,020 people, 10,408 per km², 2.96% a yearSugod Mawatan: 1,211 people, 352 per km², 4.10% a yearSumbaga Rogong: 810 people, 2,588 per km², 0.03% a yearTangcal: 920 people, 2,968 per km², 0.10% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    26,283

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 18.2% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    22nd

    of the 40 cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 2 of every 100 people in Lanao del Sur lived in Tugaya in 2024 (1.92%)

  • Inside itSources

    23

    barangays

  • LandSources

    42.54 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Tugaya's land would fill a square about 6.5 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 618 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 6 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    4,426

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    5.9 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    0%

    Fewer than 1 of every 1,000 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
1903629000[4]Formerly 153629000
ZIP code
9317[14]

People

Tugaya had 26,283 people in the 2024 census, up 18.2% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Tugaya had the 22nd most people of the 40 cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur in 2024[1]
  1. 19Bubong28,733
  2. 20Binidayan27,031
  3. 21Ditsaan-Ramain26,918
  4. 22Tugaya26,283
  5. 23Butig25,394
  6. 24Lumbatan24,988
  7. 25Madamba24,886
All 40 cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 56 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Dilimbayan2,2018 in 100
  2. Campong Talao1,7897 in 100
  3. Pandiaranao1,6086 in 100
  4. Cayagan1,5346 in 100
  5. Bubong1,3185 in 100
  6. Poblacion1,3155 in 100
  7. Bagoaingud1,2605 in 100
  8. Putad1,2505 in 100
  9. Sugod Mawatan1,2115 in 100
  10. Lumbac1,1384 in 100
See all 23 barangays of Tugaya
Age structure · 2020 Census[32]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 39 of every 100 are children under 15 (39.2%)
  • About 59 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (58.6%)
  • About 2 of every 100 are 65 or older (2.1%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 43,7861,8651,921
5 - 93,1261,5661,560
10 - 142,8041,4141,390
15 - 192,7721,3881,384
20 - 242,6611,2741,387
25 - 292,3181,1021,216
30 - 341,584787797
35 - 391,320638682
40 - 441,147557590
45 - 49944461483
50 - 54847446401
55 - 59564277287
60 - 64375179196
65 - 69282144138
70 - 741276859
75 - 79704129
80 years and over512229

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
26,283[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4,426[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
5.9 on average[1, 2]
Share of Lanao del Sur, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
1.92%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
0% (0 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
12,229 men, 12,549 women[32]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 202426,283[1, 2]1.42% a year4,4265.9
2020as of May 1, 202024,778[1]0.84% a year——
2015as of August 1, 201523,814[1]1.31% a year——
2010as of May 1, 201022,235[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then24,017[30]2.46% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders20,139[30, 31]2.99% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then17,552[30]0.49% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then17,103[30]3.26% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then12,406[30]3.50% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then10,446[30]−3.16% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then12,262[30]5.56% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then7,052[30]———

Barangays

Tugaya is made up of 23 barangays.
Barangays of Tugaya. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Bagoaingud1,2604.79%0.06% a yearabout 0.232 km²Rural
Buadi Alawang8593.27%1.60% a yearabout 0.158 km²Rural
Buadi Dico7662.91%1.91% a yearabout 5.21 km²Rural
Bubong1,3185.01%2.07% a yearabout 0.13 km²Rural
Campong Talao1,7896.81%4.27% a yearabout 9.79 km²Rural
Cayagan1,5345.84%0.52% a yearabout 0.0915 km²Rural
Dandanun8853.37%2.70% a yearabout 0.0742 km²Rural
Dilimbayan2,2018.37%0.49% a yearabout 0.64 km²Rural
Gurain9453.6%0.99% a yearabout 4.18 km²Rural
Lumbac1,1384.33%3.70% a yearabout 0.0696 km²Rural
Maidan1,0433.97%0.89% a yearabout 0.543 km²Rural
Mapantao7252.76%0.10% a yearabout 4.15 km²Rural
Pagalamatan1,0514%0.23% a yearabout 0.0874 km²Rural
Pandiaranao1,6086.12%0.98% a yearabout 0.313 km²Rural
Pindolonan I6602.51%0.04% a yearabout 0.65 km²Rural
Pindolonan II8773.34%3.33% a yearabout 0.0865 km²Rural
Poblacion1,3155%0.04% a yearabout 0.0831 km²Rural
Putad1,2504.76%1.41% a yearabout 0.241 km²Rural
Raya1,0984.18%0.37% a yearabout 0.467 km²Rural
Sugod I1,0203.88%2.96% a yearabout 0.098 km²Rural
Sugod Mawatan1,2114.61%4.10% a yearabout 3.44 km²Rural
Sumbaga Rogong8103.08%0.03% a yearabout 0.313 km²Rural
Tangcal9203.5%0.10% a yearabout 0.31 km²Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Tugaya covers 42.54 km² of land, 618 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,814 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
42.54 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
618 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
7.89031° N, 124.15825° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[27]
Lowest
701 m
Average
1,263 m
Highest
1,814 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[28]

  1. Mala-ig Riverdries up1.0 of 11.1 km

Peaks[28]

  1. Mount Matampor1,750 m
  2. Mount Tugayaheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III[29]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

Life & Economy

About 26 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
26.3% of people[17]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
3rd class[4]
About 26 of every 100 people in Tugaya lived below the poverty line in 2021 (26.3%)[17]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 20.1% and 32.4%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

  • 12schools
  • 1place of worship

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Tugaya. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[12, 13]

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
2nd district of Lanao del Sur[15, 16]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Alber Norol Balindong[18]
    Vice mayor
    Alfattah Norol Pacalna[18]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Alfattah Norol Pacalna[19]
    Vice mayor
    Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[19]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Alfattah Norol Pacalna[20]
    Vice mayor
    Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[20]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Alfattah Norol Pacalna[21]
    Vice mayor
    Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[21]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[22]
    Vice mayor
    Ayonan Datu-a-Pitiilan Lantong Pangcoga[22]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[23]
    Vice mayor
    Arafat Zaman Amerol[23]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Alimatar Ampuan-Pukunum-Paudac Guroalim[24]
    Vice mayor
    Mohamad-Ali Latip Socor[24]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Alimatar Guroalim[25]
    Vice mayor
    Paisal Azis[25]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Mangawan A. P. Baliindong[26]
    Vice mayor
    Ayonan Datu-Apithilan Pangcoga[26]
Mayors and vice mayors of Tugaya, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Alber Norol Balindong[18]Alfattah Norol Pacalna[18]
2022–2025Alfattah Norol Pacalna[19]Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[19]
2019–2022Alfattah Norol Pacalna[20]Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[20]
2016–2019Alfattah Norol Pacalna[21]Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[21]
2013–2016Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[22]Ayonan Datu-a-Pitiilan Lantong Pangcoga[22]
2010–2013Alber Norol-Pacalna Balindong[23]Arafat Zaman Amerol[23]
2007–2010Alimatar Ampuan-Pukunum-Paudac Guroalim[24]Mohamad-Ali Latip Socor[24]
2004–2007Alimatar Guroalim[25]Paisal Azis[25]
2001–2004Mangawan A. P. Baliindong[26]Ayonan Datu-Apithilan Pangcoga[26]

History & Identity

Created
Tugaya was declared a municipality by Executive Order No. 42, dated 25 June 1963, which lists Tugaya among the Lanao del Sur municipal districts so declared. The order counts the status from 1 July 1962.[9]

Its story

The Lanao del Sur provincial history page lists the battle of Tugaya among the legendary fights in which Maranao fighters with kris, spear and bow faced American cannons and rifles.[10]

Republic Act No. 2228 of 1959 listed Tugaya among the municipal districts of the new Lanao del Sur.[11]

Executive Order No. 42 of 25 June 1963 declared Tugaya a municipality, effective from 1 July 1962.[9]

Timeline

  1. 22 May 1959

    Republic Act No. 2228, approved 22 May 1959, divided Lanao into two provinces. It listed Tugaya among the municipal districts of the new Lanao del Sur.[11]

  2. 25 June 1963

    Executive Order No. 42, dated 25 June 1963, declared Tugaya a fifth-class municipality, counted from 1 July 1962.[9]

Nearby

Tugaya shares a border with Bacolod-Kalawi, Balindong, Madalum and Piagapo.

How it compares

Tugaya beside Lanao del Sur, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur.

Tugaya beside Lanao del Sur
FigureTugayaLanao del SurRank among the cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary26,283[1, 2]1,368,13722nd of 40
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary1.42% a year[1, 2]slower3.29% a year30th of 40
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary618[6]more crowded25018th of 40
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary42.54 km²[6]5,483.08 km²26th of 40
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary5.9[1, 2]higher5.7not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary0%[5]lower6.5%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Marawi City, the capital of Lanao del Sur
23.3 km northeast
Manila
821.9 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. Bacolod-KalawiLanao del Sur3.3 km southwest
  2. BalindongLanao del Sur4.6 km northeast
  3. MarantaoLanao del Sur9.3 km northeast
  4. PiagapoLanao del Sur10.2 km north
  5. BinidayanLanao del Sur10.8 km south
  6. GanassiLanao del Sur10.8 km southwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Bangsamoro Autonomous Region In Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) (OpenSTAT table 0141A6DTHP3). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Office of the President. Executive Order No. 42 (25 June 1963), declaring certain municipal districts as municipalities. Published June 25, 1963. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Provincial Government of Lanao del Sur. History of Lanao del Sur. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Congress of the Philippines / The Lawphil Project. Republic Act No. 2228. Published May 22, 1959. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  15. 15.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  16. 16.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  17. 17.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  18. 18.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  19. 19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  20. 20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  21. 21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  27. 27.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  28. 28.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  29. 29.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  30. 30.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  31. 31.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Tugaya, Lanao del Sur.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/lanao-del-sur/tugaya