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Municipality

Bubong

Bubong is a municipality in Lanao del Sur, Bangsamoro (BARMM), Philippines. Its population was 28,733 in the 2024 census, and it has 36 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Bubong by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
Buadiposo-BuntongDitsaan-RamainKapaiMaguingTagoloan IITalakagBagoaingud: 263 people, 1,665 per km², 2.22% a yearBansayan: 648 people, 3,086 per km², 1.10% a yearBasingan: 1,456 people, 958 per km², 4.70% a yearBatangan: 1,289 people, 1,898 per km², 0.22% a yearBualan: 848 people, 857 per km², 6.58% a yearPoblacion: 825 people, 2,298 per km², 2.31% a yearBubonga Didagun: 891 people, 136 per km², 2.96% a yearCarigongan: 681 people, 218 per km², 1.12% a yearBacolod: 714 people, 1,759 per km², 1.18% a yearDilabayan: 1,247 people, 1,930 per km², 0.93% a yearDimapatoy: 1,044 people, 908 per km², 8.15% a yearDimayon Proper: 508 people, 862 per km², 1.88% a yearDiolangan: 475 people, 1,215 per km², 4.52% a yearGuiguikun: 399 people, 1,118 per km², 1.96% a yearDibarosan: 605 people, 438 per km², 0.24% a yearMadanding: 964 people, 1,113 per km², 1.82% a yearMalungun: 549 people, 1,538 per km², 1.78% a yearMasorot: 416 people, 1,691 per km², 1.87% a yearMatampay Dimarao: 949 people, 311 per km², 1.33% a yearMiabalawag: 613 people, 651 per km², 0.04% a yearMontiaan: 1,029 people, 3,548 per km², 0.45% a yearPagayawan: 503 people, 1,534 per km², 1.38% a yearPalao: 971 people, 185 per km², 0.15% a yearPanalawan: 938 people, 5,422 per km², 1.27% a yearPantar: 1,095 people, 311 per km², 0.04% a yearPendogoan: 1,421 people, 798 per km², 1.53% a yearPolayagan: 332 people, 2,912 per km², 1.50% a yearRamain Bubong: 648 people, 2,019 per km², 1.10% a yearRogero: 1,810 people, 18 per km², 4.05% a yearSalipongan: 531 people, 2,709 per km², 1.45% a yearSunggod: 1,059 people, 2,702 per km², 0.27% a yearTaboro: 686 people, 1,297 per km², 1.30% a yearDalaon: 461 people, 1,929 per km², 0.58% a yearDimayon: 430 people, 128 per km², 1.87% a yearPindolonan: 645 people, 1,886 per km², 4.59% a yearPunud: 790 people, 136 per km², 0.90% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    28,733

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 47.7% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    19th

    of the 40 cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 2 of every 100 people in Lanao del Sur lived in Bubong in 2024 (2.1%)

  • Inside itSources

    36

    barangays

  • LandSources

    281.16 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Bubong's land would fill a square about 16.8 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 102 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    5,049

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    5.7 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    0%

    Fewer than 1 of every 1,000 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
1903606000[4]Formerly 153606000
ZIP code
9708[13]

People

Bubong had 28,733 people in the 2024 census, up 47.7% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Bubong had the 19th most people of the 40 cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur in 2024[1]
  1. 16Madalum30,044
  2. 17Taraka29,558
  3. 18Saguiaran28,807
  4. 19Bubong28,733
  5. 20Binidayan27,031
  6. 21Ditsaan-Ramain26,918
  7. 22Tugaya26,283
All 40 cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 43 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Rogero1,8106 in 100
  2. Basingan1,4565 in 100
  3. Pendogoan1,4215 in 100
  4. Batangan1,2894 in 100
  5. Dilabayan1,2474 in 100
  6. Pantar1,0954 in 100
  7. Sunggod1,0594 in 100
  8. Dimapatoy1,0444 in 100
  9. Montiaan1,0294 in 100
  10. Palao9713 in 100
See all 36 barangays of Bubong
Age structure · 2020 Census[32]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 38 of every 100 are children under 15 (37.9%)
  • About 60 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (59.9%)
  • About 2 of every 100 are 65 or older (2.2%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 43,7211,8651,856
5 - 93,3091,6251,684
10 - 143,0151,5391,476
15 - 193,1621,6101,552
20 - 243,1511,5091,642
25 - 292,2571,1341,123
30 - 341,692781911
35 - 391,422663759
40 - 441,293593700
45 - 491,060498562
50 - 54841411430
55 - 59585291294
60 - 64423195228
65 - 69311157154
70 - 741587286
75 - 79613328
80 years and over532330

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
28,733[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
5,049[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
5.7 on average[1, 2]
Share of Lanao del Sur, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
2.1%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
0% (0 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
12,999 men, 13,515 women[32]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 202428,733[1, 2]1.95% a year5,0495.7
2020as of May 1, 202026,514[1]3.67% a year——
2015as of August 1, 201522,336[1]2.66% a year——
2010as of May 1, 201019,455[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then23,148[30]2.76% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders19,003[30, 31]6.68% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then14,054[30]3.82% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then11,504[30]3.99% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then7,780[30]−1.97% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then8,594[30]1.08% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then8,144[30]0.72% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then7,567[30]———

Barangays

Bubong is made up of 36 barangays.
Barangays of Bubong. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Bacolod7142.48%1.18% a yearabout 0.406 km²Rural
Bagoaingud2630.92%2.22% a yearabout 0.158 km²Rural
Bansayan6482.26%1.10% a yearabout 0.21 km²Rural
Basingan1,4565.07%4.70% a yearabout 1.52 km²Rural
Batangan1,2894.49%0.22% a yearabout 0.679 km²Rural
Bualan8482.95%6.58% a yearabout 0.99 km²Rural
Bubonga Didagun8913.1%2.96% a yearabout 6.55 km²Rural
Carigongan6812.37%1.12% a yearabout 3.12 km²Rural
Dalaon4611.6%0.58% a yearabout 0.239 km²Rural
Dibarosan6052.11%0.24% a yearabout 1.38 km²Rural
Dilabayan1,2474.34%0.93% a yearabout 0.646 km²Rural
Dimapatoy1,0443.63%8.15% a yearabout 1.15 km²Rural
Dimayon4301.5%1.87% a yearabout 3.37 km²Rural
Dimayon Proper5081.77%1.88% a yearabout 0.589 km²Rural
Diolangan4751.65%4.52% a yearabout 0.391 km²Rural
Guiguikun3991.39%1.96% a yearabout 0.357 km²Rural
Madanding9643.36%1.82% a yearabout 0.866 km²Rural
Malungun5491.91%1.78% a yearabout 0.357 km²Rural
Masorot4161.45%1.87% a yearabout 0.246 km²Rural
Matampay Dimarao9493.3%1.33% a yearabout 3.05 km²Rural
Miabalawag6132.13%0.04% a yearabout 0.941 km²Rural
Montiaan1,0293.58%0.45% a yearabout 0.29 km²Rural
Pagayawan5031.75%1.38% a yearabout 0.328 km²Rural
Palao9713.38%0.15% a yearabout 5.24 km²Rural
Panalawan9383.26%1.27% a yearabout 0.173 km²Rural
Pantar1,0953.81%0.04% a yearabout 3.52 km²Rural
Pendogoan1,4214.95%1.53% a yearabout 1.78 km²Rural
Pindolonan6452.24%4.59% a yearabout 0.342 km²Rural
Poblacion8252.87%2.31% a yearabout 0.359 km²Rural
Polayagan3321.16%1.50% a yearabout 0.114 km²Rural
Punud7902.75%0.90% a yearabout 5.79 km²Rural
Ramain Bubong6482.26%1.10% a yearabout 0.321 km²Rural
Rogero1,8106.3%4.05% a yearabout 100.81 km²Rural
Salipongan5311.85%1.45% a yearabout 0.196 km²Rural
Sunggod1,0593.69%0.27% a yearabout 0.392 km²Rural
Taboro6862.39%1.30% a yearabout 0.529 km²Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Bubong covers 281.16 km² of land, 102 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,279 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
281.16 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
102 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
7.99593° N, 124.43533° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[26]
Lowest
703 m
Average
949 m
Highest
1,279 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[27]

  1. Ramain River18.2 of 29.9 km
  2. Bayug River8.1 of 77.0 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III[28]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Lumbia Airport, the nearest PAGASA station, 50 km away[29]Averages for 1991 to SEPTEMBER 2013: 1,773 mm of rain on 136 days a year; 27.0 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Lumbia Airport, 1991 to SEPTEMBER 2013, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January98 mm1025.8 °C29.8 °C21.7 °C
February85 mm826.0 °C30.3 °C21.6 °C
March58 mm626.7 °C31.4 °C21.9 °C
April62 mm627.6 °C32.6 °C22.7 °C
May129 mm1128.1 °C33.0 °C23.3 °C
June220 mm1627.5 °C32.1 °C22.9 °C
July247 mm1727.2 °C31.7 °C22.6 °C
August197 mm1427.4 °C32.2 °C22.6 °C
September221 mm1527.3 °C32.1 °C22.5 °C
October192 mm1427.0 °C31.5 °C22.4 °C
November127 mm1026.7 °C31.1 °C22.2 °C
December138 mm926.3 °C30.4 °C22.1 °C
The year1,773 mm13627.0 °C31.5 °C22.4 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 182 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 21 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
20.6% of people[16]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
1st class[4]
About 21 of every 100 people in Bubong lived below the poverty line in 2021 (20.6%)[16]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 16.1% and 25.1%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

  • 1government office
  • 18schools

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices1

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Bubong. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[11, 12]

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
1st district of Lanao del Sur[14, 15]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Alfais Tucalo Munder[17]
    Vice mayor
    Nasmerah Montay Nasser[17]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Alfais Tucalo Munder[18]
    Vice mayor
    Nasmerah Montay Nasser[18]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Usoph Baunto Munder[19]
    Vice mayor
    Namraida Montay Salbo[19]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Alfais Tucalo Munder[20]
    Vice mayor
    Namraida Montay Salbo[20]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Alfais Tucalo Munder[21]
    Vice mayor
    Namraida Montay Salbo[21]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Alfais Tocalo Munder[22]
    Vice mayor
    Olomodin Munder Macabalang[22]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Usoph Baunto Munder[23]
    Vice mayor
    Olomodin Munder Macabalang[23]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Usoph Munder[24]
    Vice mayor
    Elias Manua[24]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Usoph Sarip Baunto Munder[25]
    Vice mayor
    Elias Macaraya Manua[25]
Mayors and vice mayors of Bubong, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Alfais Tucalo Munder[17]Nasmerah Montay Nasser[17]
2022–2025Alfais Tucalo Munder[18]Nasmerah Montay Nasser[18]
2019–2022Usoph Baunto Munder[19]Namraida Montay Salbo[19]
2016–2019Alfais Tucalo Munder[20]Namraida Montay Salbo[20]
2013–2016Alfais Tucalo Munder[21]Namraida Montay Salbo[21]
2010–2013Alfais Tocalo Munder[22]Olomodin Munder Macabalang[22]
2007–2010Usoph Baunto Munder[23]Olomodin Munder Macabalang[23]
2004–2007Usoph Munder[24]Elias Manua[24]
2001–2004Usoph Sarip Baunto Munder[25]Elias Macaraya Manua[25]

History & Identity

Created
Executive Order No. 42, dated June 25, 1963, declared the municipal district of Bubong in Lanao del Sur a municipality, as a fifth class municipality counted from July 1, 1962.[9]

Its story

When Lanao del Sur was created in 1959, Bubong was one of its municipal districts, listed as Babong in the Act.[10]

Executive Order No. 42 of June 25, 1963 declared Bubong a municipality.[9]

Timeline

  1. May 22, 1959

    Republic Act No. 2228 created Lanao del Sur; the municipal district is listed as Babong.[10]

  2. June 25, 1963

    Executive Order No. 42 declared the municipal district of Bubong a municipality, counted from July 1, 1962.[9]

Nearby

Bubong shares a border with 6 places.

How it compares

Bubong beside Lanao del Sur, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur.

Bubong beside Lanao del Sur
FigureBubongLanao del SurRank among the cities and municipalities of Lanao del Sur
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary28,733[1, 2]1,368,13719th of 40
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary1.95% a year[1, 2]slower3.29% a year25th of 40
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary102[6]less crowded25035th of 40
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary281.16 km²[6]5,483.08 km²7th of 40
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary5.7[1, 2]about the same5.7not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary0%[5]lower6.5%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Marawi City, the capital of Lanao del Sur
15.0 km west
Manila
824.5 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. Buadiposo-BuntongLanao del Sur7.0 km southwest
  2. Ditsaan-RamainLanao del Sur9.5 km west
  3. KapaiLanao del Sur10.7 km northwest
  4. Tagoloan IILanao del Sur11.2 km northeast
  5. MaguingLanao del Sur11.7 km southeast
  6. MulondoLanao del Sur12.3 km southwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Bangsamoro Autonomous Region In Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) (OpenSTAT table 0141A6DTHP3). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Office of the President. Executive Order No. 42 (25 June 1963), declaring certain municipal districts as municipalities. Published June 25, 1963. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Lawphil Project (Arellano Law Foundation). Republic Act No. 2228, An Act to Create the Provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur. Published 1959. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  14. 14.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  15. 15.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  16. 16.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  17. 17.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  18. 18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  19. 19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  20. 20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  21. 21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  27. 27.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  28. 28.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  29. 29.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  30. 30.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  31. 31.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Bubong, Lanao del Sur.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/lanao-del-sur/bubong