Component city

Toledo City

Toledo City is a component city in Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines. Its population was 206,692 in the 2024 census, and it has 38 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
206,692
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 31.6% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
5th
of the 53 cities and municipalities of Cebu by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 6 of every 100 people in Cebu lived in Toledo City in 2024 (6.08%)
Inside itSources
38
barangays
LandSources
201.09 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Toledo City's land would fill a square about 14.2 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 1,028 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 10 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
52,214
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3.9 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
73.8%
About 74 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0702251000^[4]Formerly 072251000
ZIP code: 6038^{[13, 14]}

People

Toledo City had 206,692 people in the 2024 census, up 31.6% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Toledo City had the 5th most people of the 53 cities and municipalities of Cebu in 2024^[1]

2Lapu-Lapu City497,813
3Mandaue City364,482
4Talisay City263,832
5Toledo City206,692
6Danao City161,307
7Liloan158,387
8Minglanilla155,934

All 53 cities and municipalities of Cebu

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 51 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Don Andres Soriano17,9339 in 100
Poblacion13,6107 in 100
Matab-ang11,8656 in 100
Bato9,9955 in 100
Media Once9,9195 in 100
Cantabaco9,7575 in 100
Juan Climaco, Sr.9,0624 in 100
Talavera7,8174 in 100
Santo Niño7,5624 in 100
Dumlog7,1733 in 100

See all 38 barangays of Toledo City

Age structure · 2020 Census^[33]People living in households, by age and sex

About 35 of every 100 are children under 15 (34.5%)
About 61 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (60.7%)
About 5 of every 100 are 65 or older (4.9%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	24,602	12,843	11,759
5 - 9	24,357	12,647	11,710
10 - 14	22,405	11,619	10,786
15 - 19	20,514	10,596	9,918
20 - 24	18,320	9,498	8,822
25 - 29	17,133	8,896	8,237
30 - 34	14,838	7,757	7,081
35 - 39	13,007	6,816	6,191
40 - 44	11,258	5,815	5,443
45 - 49	9,505	4,903	4,602
50 - 54	8,057	4,072	3,985
55 - 59	6,959	3,500	3,459
60 - 64	6,030	2,973	3,057
65 - 69	4,294	2,024	2,270
70 - 74	2,747	1,234	1,513
75 - 79	1,696	663	1,033
80 years and over	1,369	511	858

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 206,692^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 52,214^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 3.9 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Cebu, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 6.08%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 73.8% (152,633 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 106,367 men, 100,724 women^[33]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	206,692^{[1, 2]}	−0.07% a year	52,214	3.9
2020as of May 1, 2020	207,314^[1]	4.22% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	170,335^[1]	1.55% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	157,078^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	152,960^[31]	1.11% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	141,174^{[31, 32]}	3.27% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	121,469^[31]	0.23% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	119,970^[31]	2.73% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	91,668^[31]	3.67% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	76,521^[31]	2.48% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	67,727^[31]	0.57% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	63,881^[31]	—	—	—

Barangays

Toledo City is made up of 38 barangays.

Barangays of Toledo City. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Awihao	5,818	2.81%	3.39% a year	about 8.99 km²	Urban
Bagakay	2,368	1.15%	0.72% a year	about 15.80 km²	Rural
Bato	9,995	4.84%	2.43% a year	about 1.99 km²	Urban
Biga	4,415	2.14%	2.50% a year	about 7.63 km²	Rural
Bulongan	4,936	2.39%	16.36% a year	about 9.58 km²	Rural
Bunga	5,659	2.74%	1.31% a year	about 10.87 km²	Urban
Cabitoonan	4,110	1.99%	−6.68% a year	about 3.12 km²	Rural
Calongcalong	1,527	0.74%	0.03% a year	about 1.09 km²	Rural
Cambang-ug	4,650	2.25%	2.91% a year	about 5.02 km²	Rural
Camp 8	2,063	1%	−1.92% a year	about 2.04 km²	Rural
Canlumampao	4,630	2.24%	−1.96% a year	about 4.05 km²	Rural
Cantabaco	9,757	4.72%	0.83% a year	about 12.30 km²	Urban
Capitan Claudio	4,271	2.07%	−4.02% a year	about 20.66 km²	Rural
Carmen	5,009	2.42%	0.74% a year	about 3.46 km²	Urban
Daanglungsod	3,999	1.93%	1.32% a year	about 1.52 km²	Urban
Don Andres Soriano	17,933	8.68%	−1.31% a year	about 14.68 km²	Urban
Dumlog	7,173	3.47%	2.04% a year	about 2.35 km²	Urban
Gen. Climaco	6,155	2.98%	−0.77% a year	about 17.06 km²	Urban
Ibo	5,192	2.51%	2.28% a year	about 1.68 km²	Urban
Ilihan	3,907	1.89%	−2.93% a year	about 1.87 km²	Rural
Juan Climaco, Sr.	9,062	4.38%	1.32% a year	about 5.17 km²	Urban
Landahan	2,492	1.21%	8.46% a year	about 2.15 km²	Rural
Loay	1,794	0.87%	−0.17% a year	about 2.64 km²	Rural
Luray II	4,748	2.3%	0.04% a year	about 1.29 km²	Urban
Matab-ang	11,865	5.74%	0.67% a year	about 8.91 km²	Urban
Media Once	9,919	4.8%	1.56% a year	about 8.00 km²	Urban
Pangamihan	2,275	1.1%	−2.16% a year	about 20.68 km²	Rural
Poblacion	13,610	6.58%	−3.18% a year	about 2.45 km²	Urban
Poog	5,302	2.57%	−6.71% a year	about 4.52 km²	Urban
Putingbato	1,614	0.78%	−1.14% a year	about 4.50 km²	Rural
Sagay	1,238	0.6%	−5.84% a year	about 4.84 km²	Rural
Sam-ang	1,796	0.87%	−5.40% a year	about 4.61 km²	Rural
Sangi	6,058	2.93%	2.91% a year	about 1.06 km²	Urban
Santo Niño	7,562	3.66%	1.70% a year	about 3.92 km²	Urban
Subayon	1,086	0.53%	1.83% a year	about 3.59 km²	Rural
Talavera	7,817	3.78%	0.27% a year	about 5.16 km²	Urban
Tubod	4,012	1.94%	−6.75% a year	about 2.01 km²	Rural
Tungkay	875	0.42%	−10.57% a year	about 2.54 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Toledo City covers 201.09 km² of land, 1,028 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 785 m above the sea and it has 22 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 201.09 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 1,028 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 10.35966° N, 123.70353° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[27]

Lowest: Sea level
Average: 222 m
Highest: 785 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

22.0 km of coastline^[28]

Rivers^[28]

Talavera River14.1 km
Hinulawan River12.2 km
Dumlog River6.4 km
Sigpit Creek6.3 km
Manutu River5.2 km
Cantabaco Creek3.7 of 6.5 km
Talavera River2.3 km
Talavera River0.5 km

Lakes^[28]

Malubog Lakereservoir1.5 km²
Lake Bensis0.09 km²
Damon Lake0.08 km²

Peaks^[28]

Putingbato Monolith510 m
Navaja Heights489 m
Mount Ulingheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[29]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Mactan International Airport, the nearest PAGASA station, 31 km away^[30]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 1,685 mm of rain on 138 days a year; 28.1 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Mactan International Airport, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	135 mm	12	26.8 °C	29.7 °C	24.0 °C
February	89 mm	9	27.0 °C	30.0 °C	24.0 °C
March	61 mm	7	27.8 °C	31.0 °C	24.6 °C
April	56 mm	5	28.8 °C	32.2 °C	25.5 °C
May	94 mm	9	29.4 °C	32.8 °C	26.0 °C
June	181 mm	13	28.9 °C	32.3 °C	25.5 °C
July	211 mm	15	28.3 °C	31.6 °C	25.1 °C
August	158 mm	13	28.5 °C	31.9 °C	25.2 °C
September	190 mm	14	28.4 °C	31.9 °C	25.0 °C
October	208 mm	15	28.2 °C	31.4 °C	24.9 °C
November	131 mm	12	28.0 °C	31.0 °C	25.0 °C
December	172 mm	14	27.4 °C	30.3 °C	24.6 °C
The year	1,685 mm	138	28.1 °C	31.3 °C	24.9 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 26 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 32 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 32.4% of people^[17]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 32 of every 100 people in Toledo City lived below the poverty line in 2021 (32.4%)^[17]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 28.8% and 36.0%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

67government offices
12hospitals and health centres
65schools
21places of worship
5markets
4stations and terminals
9parks
2monuments and memorials

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Where a kind has more than 8, this page shows 6: first those with “Toledo” in their name, then one in each of its most populous barangays.

Government offices38

32 more government offices are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See the 38 barangays of Toledo City

Hospitals and health centres12

6 more hospitals and health centres are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See the 38 barangays of Toledo City

Markets5

Stations and terminals4

Parks8

Bato Public Plaza · Bato
Childrens Park · Poblacion
ECAP Park · Sangi
Kalubihan Mini Park · Luray II
Kangkongan · Luray II
Saint John of Sahagun Mini Park · Poblacion
Toledo City Plaza · Poblacion
Unity Park · Poblacion

Monuments and memorials2

Bato Cemetery · Bato
Rizal Monument · Poblacion

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Toledo City. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Panlungsod (the city council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[11, 12]}

City classCity classA highly urbanized city or an independent component city governs itself apart from the province around it: its voters do not elect the governor. A component city is part of its province.More in the glossary: Component city^[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 3rd district of Cebu^{[15, 16]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Marjorie Piczon Perales^[18]
Vice mayor
Jay Blanco Sigue^[18]
2022–2025
Mayor
Marjorie Piczon Perales^[19]
Vice mayor
Jay Blanco Sigue^[19]
2019–2022
Mayor
Marjorie Piczon Perales^[20]
Vice mayor
Jay Blanco Sigue^[20]
2016–2019
Mayor
John Henry Renner Osmeña^[21]
Vice mayor
Antonio Pono Yapha Jr.^[21]
2013–2016
Mayor
John Henry Renner Osmeña^[22]
Vice mayor
Antonio Pono Yapha Jr.^[22]
2010–2013
Mayor
Aurelio Plaza Espinosa^[23]
Vice mayor
Arlene Espinosa Zambo^[23]
2007–2010
Mayor
Arlene Espinosa Zambo^[24]
Vice mayor
Aurelio Plaza Espinosa^[24]
2004–2007
Mayor
Arlene Zambo^[25]
Vice mayor
Aurelio Espinosa^[25]
2001–2004
Mayor
Arlene E. Zambo^[26]
Vice mayor
Aurelio P. Espinosa^[26]

Mayors and vice mayors of Toledo City, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Marjorie Piczon Perales^[18]	Jay Blanco Sigue^[18]
2022–2025	Marjorie Piczon Perales^[19]	Jay Blanco Sigue^[19]
2019–2022	Marjorie Piczon Perales^[20]	Jay Blanco Sigue^[20]
2016–2019	John Henry Renner Osmeña^[21]	Antonio Pono Yapha Jr.^[21]
2013–2016	John Henry Renner Osmeña^[22]	Antonio Pono Yapha Jr.^[22]
2010–2013	Aurelio Plaza Espinosa^[23]	Arlene Espinosa Zambo^[23]
2007–2010	Arlene Espinosa Zambo^[24]	Aurelio Plaza Espinosa^[24]
2004–2007	Arlene Zambo^[25]	Aurelio Espinosa^[25]
2001–2004	Arlene E. Zambo^[26]	Aurelio P. Espinosa^[26]

History & Identity

Stories from Central Visayas

Toledo City has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Central Visayas, which Toledo City is part of.

Film, 0:59
Central Visayas
Central Visayas: the gift found again
In 1521 Magellan gave Cebu's queen a wooden image of the Child Jesus. In 1565 one of Legazpi's soldiers found an image of the Child Jesus in a Cebu house, judged evidently the same.
This Happened Here

All Stories

Toledo City's fiesta and days

Local special non-working holiday in the City of ToledoLocal special day · Every 6 January · next Wednesday, 6 January 2027

Everything listed for Toledo City in Now

Official name: City of Toledo^[4]
Created: Toledo was created a city by Republic Act No. 2688, approved on 18 June 1960, covering the municipality plus the whole barrio of Cantabaco.^[9]

How it got its name

Local traditionThe provincial tourism office says Toledo was first called Hinulawan, roughly meaning where gold was found, after the rich riverbeds.^[10]

Its story

The provincial tourism office ties Toledo's modern character to the Atlas Consolidated Mining boom of the 1950s.^[10]

Republic Act No. 2688 made Toledo a city in 1960 and added the whole barrio of Cantabaco to its territory.^[9]

Timeline

18 June 1960
Republic Act No. 2688 created the City of Toledo.^[9]

Nearby

Toledo City shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Toledo City beside Cebu, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Cebu.

Toledo City beside Cebu
Figure	Toledo City	Cebu	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Cebu
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	206,692^{[1, 2]}	3,400,522	5th of 53
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	−0.07% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	0.54% a year	50th of 53
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	1,028^[6]more crowded	775	16th of 53
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	201.09 km²^[6]	4,389.23 km²	4th of 53
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	3.9^{[1, 2]}higher	3.8	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	73.8%^[5]higher	55.1%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Cebu City, the capital of Cebu: 16.9 km east
Manila: 555.4 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

MinglanillaCebu12.0 km southeast
Naga CityCebu12.2 km south
PinamungajanCebu13.8 km southwest
BalambanCebu15.4 km northeast
Cebu CityCebu16.9 km east
Talisay CityCebu18.5 km southeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Central Visayas (OpenSTAT table 0071A6DTPH6). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Lawphil Project, Arellano Law Foundation. Republic Act No. 2688, Charter of the City of Toledo. Published June 18, 1960. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Cebu Provincial Tourism Office. Toledo City, Explore Cebu. Read by Scene October 4, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
16.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
18.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
28.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
29.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
31.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Toledo City, Cebu.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/cebu/toledo-city