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Municipality

Kabugao

Kabugao is a municipality in Apayao, Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. Its population was 16,425 in the 2024 census, and it has 21 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Kabugao by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
CalanasanConnerNueva EraPudtolRizalTinegBadduat: 1,087 people, 37 per km², 0.49% a yearBaliwanan: 439 people, 6 per km², −1.47% a yearBulu: 573 people, 19 per km², 8.94% a yearDagara: 528 people, 11 per km², 4.64% a yearDibagat: 701 people, 24 per km², 3.15% a yearCabetayan: 622 people, 29 per km², 0.99% a yearKaragawan: 612 people, 6 per km², −2.36% a yearKumao: 513 people, 8 per km², −2.70% a yearLaco: 487 people, 27 per km², 3.20% a yearLenneng: 2,709 people, 15 per km², 1.25% a yearLucab: 652 people, 47 per km², 3.49% a yearLuttuacan: 1,070 people, 79 per km², 1.30% a yearMadatag: 916 people, 49 per km², 2.75% a yearMadduang: 603 people, 36 per km², −0.89% a yearMagabta: 187 people, 22 per km², −0.51% a yearMaragat: 418 people, 5 per km², 10.47% a yearMusimut: 846 people, 6 per km², 0.11% a yearNagbabalayan: 374 people, 64 per km², −5.90% a yearPoblacion: 2,724 people, 592 per km², −3.45% a yearTuyangan: 205 people, 13 per km², −2.00% a yearWaga: 159 people, 3 per km², −4.30% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    16,425

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 1.6% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    4th

    of the 7 cities and municipalities of Apayao by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 13 of every 100 people in Apayao lived in Kabugao in 2024 (12.98%)

  • Inside itSources

    21

    barangays

  • LandSources

    929.88 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Kabugao's land would fill a square about 30.5 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 18 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per 6 hectares if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    3,662

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    4.5 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    0%

    Fewer than 1 of every 1,000 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
1408104000[4]Formerly 148104000
ZIP code
3809[14, 15, 16]

People

Kabugao had 16,425 people in the 2024 census, up 1.6% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Kabugao had the 4th most people of the 7 cities and municipalities of Apayao in 2024[1]
  1. 1Conner28,360
  2. 2Luna21,630
  3. 3Flora18,271
  4. 4Kabugao16,425
  5. 5Pudtol15,676
  6. 6Santa Marcela14,049
  7. 7Calanasan12,176
All 7 cities and municipalities of Apayao
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 73 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Poblacion2,72417 in 100
  2. Lenneng2,70916 in 100
  3. Badduat1,0877 in 100
  4. Luttuacan1,0707 in 100
  5. Madatag9166 in 100
  6. Musimut8465 in 100
  7. Dibagat7014 in 100
  8. Lucab6524 in 100
  9. Cabetayan6224 in 100
  10. Karagawan6124 in 100
See all 21 barangays of Kabugao
Age structure · 2020 Census[35]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 30 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.6%)
  • About 64 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (63.8%)
  • About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (6.6%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 41,369754615
5 - 91,594843751
10 - 141,820982838
15 - 191,608796812
20 - 241,551838713
25 - 291,247656591
30 - 341,068561507
35 - 39974536438
40 - 44912476436
45 - 49902481421
50 - 54757413344
55 - 59712368344
60 - 64590296294
65 - 69376186190
70 - 74263116147
75 - 791868799
80 years and over24496148

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
16,425[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3,662[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
4.5 on average[1, 2]
Share of Apayao, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
12.98%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
0% (0 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
8,485 men, 7,688 women[35]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 202416,425[1, 2]0.31% a year3,6624.5
2020as of May 1, 202016,215[1]0.90% a year——
2015as of August 1, 201515,537[1]−0.76% a year——
2010as of May 1, 201016,170[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then14,529[33]0.53% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders13,985[33, 34]2.07% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then12,710[33]2.40% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then11,198[33]1.55% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then9,600[33]1.94% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then8,720[33]3.46% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then7,358[33]2.08% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then5,961[33]———

Barangays

Kabugao is made up of 21 barangays.
Barangays of Kabugao. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Badduat1,0876.62%0.49% a yearabout 29.64 km²Rural
Baliwanan4392.67%−1.47% a yearabout 69.95 km²Rural
Bulu5733.49%8.94% a yearabout 29.78 km²Rural
Cabetayan6223.79%0.99% a yearabout 21.22 km²Rural
Dagara5283.21%4.64% a yearabout 49.38 km²Rural
Dibagat7014.27%3.15% a yearabout 29.42 km²Rural
Karagawan6123.73%−2.36% a yearabout 100.25 km²Rural
Kumao5133.12%−2.70% a yearabout 68.05 km²Rural
Laco4872.96%3.20% a yearabout 18.16 km²Rural
Lenneng2,70916.49%1.25% a yearabout 176.80 km²Rural
Lucab6523.97%3.49% a yearabout 13.89 km²Rural
Luttuacan1,0706.51%1.30% a yearabout 13.62 km²Rural
Madatag9165.58%2.75% a yearabout 18.79 km²Rural
Madduang6033.67%−0.89% a yearabout 16.78 km²Rural
Magabta1871.14%−0.51% a yearabout 8.48 km²Rural
Maragat4182.54%10.47% a yearabout 91.39 km²Rural
Musimut8465.15%0.11% a yearabout 151.05 km²Rural
Nagbabalayan3742.28%−5.90% a yearabout 5.87 km²Rural
Poblacion2,72416.58%−3.45% a yearabout 4.60 km²Rural
Tuyangan2051.25%−2.00% a yearabout 15.38 km²Rural
Waga1590.97%−4.30% a yearabout 62.59 km²Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Kabugao covers 929.88 km² of land, 18 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 2,106 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
929.88 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
18 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
17.97919° N, 121.16193° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[30]
Lowest
49 m
Average
529 m
Highest
2,106 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[31]

  1. Apayao River59.9 of 138.3 km
  2. Karagawan River39.4 of 40.1 km
  3. Dagara River30.6 km
  4. Malabanig River15.7 km
  5. Baliwanan River14.6 km
  6. Lacu River11.2 km
  7. Tawit River8.0 of 47.5 km
  8. Nagan River6.9 of 28.5 km

The longest inside it: 9 in all.

Peaks[31]

  1. Mount Lambayo1,375 m
  2. Mount Muji1,145 m
  3. Mount Wayan1,145 m
  4. Mount Bajucan815 m
  5. Mount Taburub709 m
  6. Mount Agnuwanheight not mapped

The highest: 8 in all.

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III[32]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Covers about 77 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

Life & Economy

About 19 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
19.1% of people[20]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
1st class[4]
About 19 of every 100 people in Kabugao lived below the poverty line in 2021 (19.1%)[20]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 15.3% and 22.9%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

  • 41schools
  • 1park

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Kabugao. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[12, 13]

Capital of
Apayao[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
Lone district of Apayao[17, 18, 19]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[21]
    Vice mayor
    Frederick Castro Amid[21]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[22]
    Vice mayor
    Fabulous Bunga Tucjang[22]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[23]
    Vice mayor
    Joseph Castro Amid[23]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Joseph Castro Amid[24]
    Vice mayor
    Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[24]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Joseph Castro Amid[25]
    Vice mayor
    Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[25]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Joseph Castro Amid[26]
    Vice mayor
    Roosevelt Gregorio Alitan[26]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Reynald Ranjo Talimbatog[27]
    Vice mayor
    Joseph Castro Amid[27]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Reynald Talimbatog[28]
    Vice mayor
    Joseph Amid[28]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Reynaldo R. Talimbatog[29]
    Vice mayor
    Eleuterio B. Mangalao[29]
Mayors and vice mayors of Kabugao, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[21]Frederick Castro Amid[21]
2022–2025Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[22]Fabulous Bunga Tucjang[22]
2019–2022Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[23]Joseph Castro Amid[23]
2016–2019Joseph Castro Amid[24]Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[24]
2013–2016Joseph Castro Amid[25]Bensmar Bosing Ligwang[25]
2010–2013Joseph Castro Amid[26]Roosevelt Gregorio Alitan[26]
2007–2010Reynald Ranjo Talimbatog[27]Joseph Castro Amid[27]
2004–2007Reynald Talimbatog[28]Joseph Amid[28]
2001–2004Reynaldo R. Talimbatog[29]Eleuterio B. Mangalao[29]

History & Identity

Created
Listed among the municipal districts of the Mountain Province that Executive Order No. 42, signed 25 June 1963, declared to be municipalities (fifth class, counted from 1 July 1962). Kabugao was therefore a municipal district before that order; the original creating act of the district was not found.[9]

Its story

When Kalinga and Apayao were made regular provinces in 1995, Kabugao was named the provincial capital of Apayao.[10]

Timeline

  1. 17 June 1961

    Republic Act No. 3157 provided for an emergency hospital in Kabugao, to be called Apayao Emergency Hospital.[11]

  2. 25 June 1963

    Executive Order No. 42 declared the municipal district of Kabugao a municipality.[9]

  3. 14 February 1995

    Republic Act No. 7878 converted the sub-province of Apayao into a regular province with Kabugao as capital.[10]

Nearby

Kabugao shares a border with 6 places.

How it compares

Kabugao beside Apayao, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Apayao.

Kabugao beside Apayao
FigureKabugaoApayaoRank among the cities and municipalities of Apayao
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary16,425[1, 2]126,5874th of 7
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary0.31% a year[1, 2]slower0.43% a year5th of 7
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary18[6]less crowded276th of 7
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary929.88 km²[6]4,746.51 km²2nd of 7
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary4.5[1, 2]higher4.2not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary0%[5]lower6%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Manila
377.5 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. RizalCagayan24.4 km east
  2. ConnerApayao24.4 km south
  3. PudtolApayao24.9 km northeast
  4. Nueva EraIlocos Norte31.3 km west
  5. TinegAbra33.8 km southwest
  6. FloraApayao33.8 km northeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) (OpenSTAT table 0151A6DTHP4). Published August 3, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Office of the President. Executive Order No. 42 (25 June 1963), declaring certain municipal districts as municipalities. Published June 25, 1963. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Congress of the Philippines / LawPhil Project. Republic Act No. 7878, Converting the Sub-Provinces of Kalinga and Apayao into Regular Provinces. Published February 14, 1995. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Lawphil / Arellano Law Foundation. Republic Acts of 1961 (index). Published 1961. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  15. 15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  16. 16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  17. 17.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7878: An Act converting the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao into regular provinces. Published February 14, 1995. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  18. 18.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  19. 19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  20. 20.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  21. 21.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  27. 27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  28. 28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  29. 29.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  30. 30.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  31. 31.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  33. 33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  34. 34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  35. 35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Kabugao, Apayao.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/apayao/kabugao