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Municipality

Cabugao

Cabugao is a municipality in Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Region, Philippines. Its population was 38,981 in the 2024 census, and it has 33 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Cabugao by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
BanguedDanglasNueva EraSan JuanSinaitAlinaay: 896 people, 711 per km², 1.21% a yearAragan: 1,009 people, 78 per km², 1.87% a yearArnap: 1,376 people, 894 per km², 1.19% a yearBaclig: 2,586 people, 1,313 per km², 1.34% a yearBato: 478 people, 131 per km², −2.53% a yearBonifacio: 1,431 people, 1,537 per km², −0.12% a yearBungro: 538 people, 452 per km², 5.29% a yearCacadiran: 1,053 people, 353 per km², −0.52% a yearCaellayan: 1,066 people, 255 per km², 0.27% a yearCarusipan: 617 people, 50 per km², −0.91% a yearCatucdaan: 1,020 people, 65 per km², 0.43% a yearCuancabal: 1,142 people, 374 per km², 0.11% a yearCuantacla: 708 people, 627 per km², −4.42% a yearDaclapan: 2,355 people, 1,154 per km², −0.41% a yearDardarat: 1,491 people, 654 per km², −0.91% a yearLipit: 883 people, 736 per km², −0.16% a yearMaradodon: 745 people, 60 per km², 0.49% a yearMargaay: 1,047 people, 865 per km², 1.20% a yearNagsantaan: 401 people, 191 per km², 1.23% a yearNagsincaoan: 416 people, 163 per km², −0.11% a yearNamruangan: 1,901 people, 1,697 per km², −1.39% a yearPila: 799 people, 248 per km², −1.02% a yearPug-os: 2,028 people, 683 per km², −0.57% a yearQuezon: 1,942 people, 1,377 per km², −1.07% a yearReppaac: 407 people, 384 per km², 8.02% a yearRizal: 1,201 people, 2,249 per km², −0.49% a yearSabang: 1,534 people, 1,639 per km², 1.89% a yearSagayaden: 1,208 people, 512 per km², −0.93% a yearSalapasap: 1,928 people, 876 per km², 1.02% a yearSalomague: 1,628 people, 673 per km², −0.68% a yearSisim: 704 people, 316 per km², −0.17% a yearTurod: 1,431 people, 553 per km², −0.79% a yearTurod-Patac: 1,012 people, 325 per km², 1.53% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    38,981

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 9.2% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    6th

    of the 34 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 5 of every 100 people in Ilocos Sur lived in Cabugao in 2024 (5.49%)

  • Inside itSources

    33

    barangays

  • LandSources

    92.34 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Cabugao's land would fill a square about 9.6 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 422 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 4 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    10,113

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    3.9 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    16.3%

    About 16 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
0102905000[4]Formerly 012905000
ZIP code
2732[15, 16]

People

Cabugao had 38,981 people in the 2024 census, up 9.2% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Cabugao had the 6th most people of the 34 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur in 2024[1]
  1. 3Narvacan46,265
  2. 4Tagudin41,606
  3. 5Santa Cruz41,296
  4. 6Cabugao38,981
  5. 7Bantay37,088
  6. 8Magsingal31,970
  7. 9Santa Maria30,076
All 34 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 48 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Baclig2,5867 in 100
  2. Daclapan2,3556 in 100
  3. Pug-os2,0285 in 100
  4. Quezon1,9425 in 100
  5. Salapasap1,9285 in 100
  6. Namruangan1,9015 in 100
  7. Salomague1,6284 in 100
  8. Sabang1,5344 in 100
  9. Dardarat1,4914 in 100
  10. Bonifacio1,4314 in 100
See all 33 barangays of Cabugao
Age structure · 2020 Census[35]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 26 of every 100 are children under 15 (26.4%)
  • About 66 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (65.5%)
  • About 8 of every 100 are 65 or older (8.1%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 43,0321,5381,494
5 - 93,4461,8031,643
10 - 143,7651,8961,869
15 - 193,6291,9231,706
20 - 243,3311,7461,585
25 - 293,1261,6161,510
30 - 342,7831,4221,361
35 - 392,6661,3981,268
40 - 442,5261,2971,229
45 - 492,1381,1051,033
50 - 541,9901,015975
55 - 591,777899878
60 - 641,461741720
65 - 691,096498598
70 - 74754321433
75 - 79572214358
80 years and over730213517

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
38,981[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
10,113[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
3.9 on average[1, 2]
Share of Ilocos Sur, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
5.49%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
16.3% (6,360 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
19,645 men, 19,177 women[35]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 202438,981[1, 2]0.06% a year10,1133.9
2020as of May 1, 202038,884[1]0.76% a year——
2015as of August 1, 201537,501[1]0.94% a year——
2010as of May 1, 201035,706[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then33,847[33]1.01% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders31,459[33, 34]2.09% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then28,567[33]0.35% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then28,033[33]1.39% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then24,424[33]1.51% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then22,664[33]2.09% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then20,444[33]1.37% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then17,791[33]———

Barangays

Cabugao is made up of 33 barangays.
Barangays of Cabugao. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Alinaay8962.3%1.21% a yearabout 1.26 km²Rural
Aragan1,0092.59%1.87% a yearabout 12.87 km²Rural
Arnap1,3763.53%1.19% a yearabout 1.54 km²Rural
Baclig2,5866.63%1.34% a yearabout 1.97 km²Urban
Bato4781.23%−2.53% a yearabout 3.64 km²Rural
Bonifacio1,4313.67%−0.12% a yearabout 0.931 km²Urban
Bungro5381.38%5.29% a yearabout 1.19 km²Rural
Cacadiran1,0532.7%−0.52% a yearabout 2.98 km²Rural
Caellayan1,0662.73%0.27% a yearabout 4.18 km²Rural
Carusipan6171.58%−0.91% a yearabout 12.37 km²Rural
Catucdaan1,0202.62%0.43% a yearabout 15.72 km²Rural
Cuancabal1,1422.93%0.11% a yearabout 3.05 km²Urban
Cuantacla7081.82%−4.42% a yearabout 1.13 km²Rural
Daclapan2,3556.04%−0.41% a yearabout 2.04 km²Rural
Dardarat1,4913.82%−0.91% a yearabout 2.28 km²Rural
Lipit8832.27%−0.16% a yearabout 1.20 km²Rural
Maradodon7451.91%0.49% a yearabout 12.44 km²Rural
Margaay1,0472.69%1.20% a yearabout 1.21 km²Rural
Nagsantaan4011.03%1.23% a yearabout 2.10 km²Rural
Nagsincaoan4161.07%−0.11% a yearabout 2.56 km²Rural
Namruangan1,9014.88%−1.39% a yearabout 1.12 km²Rural
Pila7992.05%−1.02% a yearabout 3.22 km²Rural
Pug-os2,0285.2%−0.57% a yearabout 2.97 km²Rural
Quezon1,9424.98%−1.07% a yearabout 1.41 km²Rural
Reppaac4071.04%8.02% a yearabout 1.06 km²Rural
Rizal1,2013.08%−0.49% a yearabout 0.534 km²Urban
Sabang1,5343.94%1.89% a yearabout 0.936 km²Rural
Sagayaden1,2083.1%−0.93% a yearabout 2.36 km²Rural
Salapasap1,9284.95%1.02% a yearabout 2.20 km²Rural
Salomague1,6284.18%−0.68% a yearabout 2.42 km²Rural
Sisim7041.81%−0.17% a yearabout 2.23 km²Rural
Turod1,4313.67%−0.79% a yearabout 2.59 km²Rural
Turod-Patac1,0122.6%1.53% a yearabout 3.11 km²Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Cabugao covers 92.34 km² of land, 422 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,013 m above the sea and it has 10.8 km of coast.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
92.34 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
422 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
17.78584° N, 120.52147° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[29]
Lowest
1 m
Average
210 m
Highest
1,013 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

10.8 km of coastline[30]

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I[31]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Sinait, the nearest PAGASA station, 13 km away[32]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,172 mm of rain on 97 days a year; 27.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Sinait, 1991 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January6 mm225.7 °C30.2 °C21.2 °C
February3 mm226.2 °C30.7 °C21.6 °C
March5 mm227.4 °C31.8 °C23.0 °C
April17 mm228.7 °C33.0 °C24.3 °C
May173 mm929.0 °C33.0 °C24.9 °C
June282 mm1428.4 °C32.2 °C24.6 °C
July530 mm1927.7 °C31.3 °C24.1 °C
August614 mm1927.3 °C30.6 °C24.0 °C
September356 mm1527.4 °C31.0 °C23.8 °C
October135 mm727.4 °C31.4 °C23.4 °C
November46 mm427.3 °C31.5 °C23.2 °C
December6 mm226.6 °C30.9 °C22.3 °C
The year2,172 mm9727.4 °C31.5 °C23.4 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 58 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 18 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
18.2% of people[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
1st class[4]
About 18 of every 100 people in Cabugao lived below the poverty line in 2021 (18.2%)[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 15.7% and 20.8%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

  • 12government offices
  • 5hospitals and health centres
  • 32schools
  • 6places of worship
  • 1market
  • 4parks
  • 2monuments and memorials

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Where a kind has more than 8, this page shows 6: first those with “Cabugao” in their name, then one in each of its most populous barangays.

Government offices9

3 more government offices are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See the 33 barangays of Cabugao

Hospitals and health centres5

Markets1

Parks4

Monuments and memorials2

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Cabugao. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[13, 14]

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
1st district of Ilocos Sur[17, 18]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Josh Edward Seguban Cobangbang[20]
    Vice mayor
    Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[20]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Josh Edward Seguban Cobangbang[21]
    Vice mayor
    Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[21]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[22]
    Vice mayor
    Jemaima Tan Yee[22]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Josh Edward Seguban Cobangbang[23]
    Vice mayor
    Deogracias Jose Victorino Heredia Savellano[23]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[24]
    Vice mayor
    Deogracias Jose Victorino Heredia Savellano[24]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[25]
    Vice mayor
    Danilo Que Gazmen[25]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Diocaesar Sadang Suero[26]
    Vice mayor
    Rex Augustus Savellano Morales[26]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Diocaesar Suero[27]
    Vice mayor
    Rex Augustus Morales[27]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Diocaesar S. Suero[28]
    Vice mayor
    Rex Augustus S. Morales[28]
Mayors and vice mayors of Cabugao, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Josh Edward Seguban Cobangbang[20]Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[20]
2022–2025Josh Edward Seguban Cobangbang[21]Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[21]
2019–2022Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[22]Jemaima Tan Yee[22]
2016–2019Josh Edward Seguban Cobangbang[23]Deogracias Jose Victorino Heredia Savellano[23]
2013–2016Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[24]Deogracias Jose Victorino Heredia Savellano[24]
2010–2013Edgardo Salamanca Cobangbang Jr.[25]Danilo Que Gazmen[25]
2007–2010Diocaesar Sadang Suero[26]Rex Augustus Savellano Morales[26]
2004–2007Diocaesar Suero[27]Rex Augustus Morales[27]
2001–2004Diocaesar S. Suero[28]Rex Augustus S. Morales[28]

History & Identity

How it got its name

Sources differOne legend says a humorous tribal headman named Kabu Angaw, beaten in a tribal war, led his people south to the river village, and his followers were called people of Kabu Angaw. The name later became Cabugao.[10]

Sources differA second account says the river village was ruled by a man called Aggao. The Spaniards heard his people call him "Cabo Aggao", meaning chief, and shortened it to Cabugao.[10]

Its story

The town history says the place was a thick forest at first, where nomadic tribesmen hunted and fished in a river. They saw the fertile flatland and decided to stay, and became the first settlers.[10]

In 1903 Cabugao kept its own boundaries when the Philippine Commission cut the municipalities of Ilocos Sur from twenty-four to fourteen.[11]

Timeline

  1. 8 October 1903

    Act No. 934 let Cabugao keep its present boundaries while merging other Ilocos Sur municipalities.[11]

  2. 10 March 1917

    Act No. 2711 listed Cabugao as a municipality of Ilocos Sur.[12]

Nearby

Cabugao shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Cabugao beside Ilocos Sur, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur.

Cabugao beside Ilocos Sur
FigureCabugaoIlocos SurRank among the cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary38,981[1, 2]709,9916th of 34
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary0.06% a year[1, 2]slower0.13% a year20th of 34
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary422[6]more crowded26814th of 34
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary92.34 km²[6]2,651.49 km²7th of 34
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary3.9[1, 2]higher3.8not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary16.3%[5]higher10.6%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Vigan City, the capital of Ilocos Sur
29.8 km southwest
Manila
359.2 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. San JuanIlocos Sur7.6 km southwest
  2. SinaitIlocos Sur9.3 km northwest
  3. DanglasAbra11.0 km southeast
  4. MagsingalIlocos Sur12.8 km southwest
  5. BadocIlocos Norte15.9 km north
  6. Santo DomingoIlocos Sur17.9 km southwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Ilocos Region (OpenSTAT table 0011A6DTPH0). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Municipality of Cabugao, Ilocos Sur. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Municipal Government of Cabugao. Profile - Bayan ng Cabugao. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Philippine Commission (via The Lawphil Project). Act No. 934: An Act reducing the twenty-four municipalities of the Province of Ilocos Sur to fourteen. Published October 8, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Philippine Legislature (via National Library of the Philippines Digital Collections). Act No. 2711: An Act amending the Administrative Code. Published March 10, 1917. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  15. 15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  16. 16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  17. 17.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  18. 18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  19. 19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  20. 20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  21. 21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  27. 27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  28. 28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  29. 29.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  30. 30.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  31. 31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  33. 33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  34. 34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  35. 35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

See something wrong on this page? Write to hello@scene.ph with the page address. We check every report against the source.

Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Cabugao, Ilocos Sur.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/ilocos-sur/cabugao