Municipality

Laurel

Laurel is a municipality in Batangas, CALABARZON, Philippines. Its population was 44,791 in the 2024 census, and it has 21 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
44,791
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 25.6% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
23rd
of the 34 cities and municipalities of Batangas by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 2 of every 100 people in Batangas lived in Laurel in 2024 (1.5%)
Inside itSources
21
barangays
LandSources
72.84 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Laurel's land would fill a square about 8.5 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 615 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 6 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
10,805
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.1 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
15.6%
About 16 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0401011000^[4]Formerly 041011000
ZIP code: 4221^{[14, 15, 16]}

People

Laurel had 44,791 people in the 2024 census, up 25.6% from 2010.

People at each census since 1970

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Laurel had the 23rd most people of the 34 cities and municipalities of Batangas in 2024^[1]

20Mabini49,876
21Tuy47,199
22Talisay46,477
23Laurel44,791
24Taysan41,332
25Lobo41,251
26Agoncillo40,662

All 34 cities and municipalities of Batangas

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 67 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Balakilong4,46210 in 100
Ticub3,4858 in 100
San Gabriel2,9957 in 100
Bugaan West2,8716 in 100
San Gregorio2,8156 in 100
Gulod2,7986 in 100
Buso-buso2,7556 in 100
J. Leviste2,6466 in 100
Bugaan East2,6136 in 100
Berinayan2,4776 in 100

See all 21 barangays of Laurel

Age structure · 2020 Census^[36]People living in households, by age and sex

About 30 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.8%)
About 65 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (64.8%)
About 5 of every 100 are 65 or older (5.4%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	4,128	2,167	1,961
5 - 9	4,205	2,165	2,040
10 - 14	4,556	2,369	2,187
15 - 19	4,559	2,318	2,241
20 - 24	4,343	2,276	2,067
25 - 29	3,539	1,753	1,786
30 - 34	2,989	1,531	1,458
35 - 39	3,023	1,540	1,483
40 - 44	2,777	1,481	1,296
45 - 49	2,276	1,200	1,076
50 - 54	1,920	962	958
55 - 59	1,427	741	686
60 - 64	1,137	514	623
65 - 69	915	390	525
70 - 74	617	263	354
75 - 79	394	163	231
80 years and over	385	127	258

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 44,791^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 10,805^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.1 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Batangas, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 1.5%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 15.6% (7,000 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 21,960 men, 21,230 women^[36]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	44,791^{[1, 2]}	0.87% a year	10,805	4.1
2020as of May 1, 2020	43,210^[1]	1.94% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	39,444^[1]	1.93% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	35,674^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	34,953^[34]	3.31% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	27,604^{[34, 35]}	3.24% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	23,781^[34]	1.38% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	22,099^[34]	2.13% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	17,889^[34]	3.39% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	15,143^[34]	2.89% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	13,137^[34]	—	—	—

Barangays

Laurel is made up of 21 barangays.

Barangays of Laurel. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
As-Is	2,323	5.19%	−2.86% a year	about 2.16 km²	Rural
Balakilong	4,462	9.96%	0.68% a year	about 4.36 km²	Rural
Barangay 1	722	1.61%	1.85% a year	about 0.492 km²	Rural
Barangay 2	1,932	4.31%	3.77% a year	about 0.697 km²	Urban
Barangay 3	791	1.77%	0.65% a year	about 0.506 km²	Rural
Barangay 4	607	1.36%	−1.56% a year	about 0.662 km²	Rural
Barangay 5	750	1.67%	1.19% a year	about 0.421 km²	Rural
Berinayan	2,477	5.53%	2.01% a year	about 3.93 km²	Rural
Bugaan East	2,613	5.83%	4.75% a year	about 1.09 km²	Rural
Bugaan West	2,871	6.41%	1.35% a year	about 7.62 km²	Rural
Buso-buso	2,755	6.15%	0.31% a year	about 4.80 km²	Rural
Dayap Itaas	884	1.97%	2.24% a year	about 4.99 km²	Urban
Gulod	2,798	6.25%	−2.35% a year	about 2.19 km²	Rural
J. Leviste	2,646	5.91%	2.16% a year	about 3.03 km²	Urban
Molinete	1,896	4.23%	0.87% a year	about 5.67 km²	Rural
Niyugan	1,538	3.43%	0.91% a year	about 6.02 km²	Urban
Paliparan	1,003	2.24%	1.44% a year	about 4.67 km²	Rural
San Gabriel	2,995	6.69%	0.67% a year	about 3.05 km²	Rural
San Gregorio	2,815	6.28%	−6.91% a year	about 8.86 km²	Rural
Santa Maria	2,428	5.42%	1.02% a year	about 4.69 km²	Rural
Ticub	3,485	7.78%	10.25% a year	about 4.52 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Laurel covers 72.84 km² of land, 615 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 654 m above the sea and it lies inland.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 72.84 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 615 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 14.04598° N, 120.90883° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[30]

Lowest: 3 m
Average: 221 m
Highest: 654 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Lakes^[31]

Taal Lake237.4 km²

Peaks^[31]

Mount Layas325 m

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I^[32]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Ambulong, the nearest PAGASA station, 17 km away^[33]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 1,816 mm of rain on 119 days a year; 27.7 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Ambulong, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	26 mm	5	26.3 °C	30.1 °C	22.4 °C
February	22 mm	3	26.7 °C	31.1 °C	22.2 °C
March	21 mm	3	27.7 °C	32.5 °C	23.0 °C
April	25 mm	3	29.1 °C	34.3 °C	23.9 °C
May	129 mm	9	29.3 °C	33.9 °C	24.6 °C
June	213 mm	13	28.7 °C	32.8 °C	24.6 °C
July	338 mm	18	27.8 °C	31.5 °C	24.2 °C
August	306 mm	17	27.7 °C	31.1 °C	24.3 °C
September	271 mm	16	27.8 °C	31.4 °C	24.2 °C
October	193 mm	12	27.7 °C	31.6 °C	23.9 °C
November	140 mm	11	27.5 °C	31.2 °C	23.8 °C
December	133 mm	9	26.7 °C	30.1 °C	23.3 °C
The year	1,816 mm	119	27.7 °C	31.8 °C	23.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 11 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 7 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 6.9% of people^[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 2nd class^[4]

About 7 of every 100 people in Laurel lived below the poverty line in 2021 (6.9%)^[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 4.3% and 9.4%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA says caution must be observed in using this estimate: read it as a rough guide only.

Public places

11government offices
1hospital or health centre
21schools
5places of worship
1station or terminal

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices5

Hospitals and health centres1

Balakilong Barangay Health Station · Balakilong

Stations and terminals1

Jeepney Terminal · Barangay 3

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Laurel. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[12, 13]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 3rd district of Batangas^{[17, 18]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Lyndon Masicat Bruce^[20]
Vice mayor
Brandon Masicat Bruce^[20]
2022–2025
Mayor
Lyndon Masicat Bruce^[21]
Vice mayor
Celso Aristotle Mendoza Parrilla^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Joan Lumbres Amo^[22]
Vice mayor
Rachelle Balba Ogalinola^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Randy James Espinal Amo^[23]
Vice mayor
Felimon Palo Austria^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Randy James Espinal Amo^[24]
Vice mayor
Felimon Palo Austria^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Randy James Espinal Amo^[25]
Vice mayor
Florencio Orlanes Villanueva^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
John Benedict Petrasanta Panganiban^[26]
Vice mayor
Randy James Espinal Amo^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
John Benedict Panganiban^[27]
Vice mayor
Raymundo Agojo^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Natalio M. Panganiban^[28]
Vice mayor
Celso A. Ariola^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Laurel, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Lyndon Masicat Bruce^[20]	Brandon Masicat Bruce^[20]
2022–2025	Lyndon Masicat Bruce^[21]	Celso Aristotle Mendoza Parrilla^[21]
2019–2022	Joan Lumbres Amo^[22]	Rachelle Balba Ogalinola^[22]
2016–2019	Randy James Espinal Amo^[23]	Felimon Palo Austria^[23]
2013–2016	Randy James Espinal Amo^[24]	Felimon Palo Austria^[24]
2010–2013	Randy James Espinal Amo^[25]	Florencio Orlanes Villanueva^[25]
2007–2010	John Benedict Petrasanta Panganiban^[26]	Randy James Espinal Amo^[26]
2004–2007	John Benedict Panganiban^[27]	Raymundo Agojo^[27]
2001–2004	Natalio M. Panganiban^[28]	Celso A. Ariola^[28]

Before 2001

The heads of Laurel before COMELEC's lists begin, newest first, as the local government's own page lists them, with the office as that page writes it ("Not given" where it names no single office). "From" a year: the page gives only when the term began.

Heads of Laurel before 2001, newest first
Years	Name	Office
from 1971	Placido T. Amo^[29]	Mayor

History & Identity

Stories from CALABARZON

Laurel has no Story of its own yet. This one is about CALABARZON, which Laurel is part of.

Film, 0:59
CALABARZON
CALABARZON: every name was something else
CALABARZON is made of five province names, and most of them changed. Batangas was Kumintang, then Taal; Quezon was Kalilayan, then Tayabas. Cavite's hook story is told as a tradition.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Created: Republic Act No. 5689, approved 21 June 1969, separated eight barrios of Talisay and made them the new municipality of Laurel, Batangas.^[9]

How it got its name

The town was named in honor of Jose P. Laurel Sr.^[11]

Local traditionThe poblacion barrio was called Bayuyungan, from 'bayong', a native bag woven from buri palm.^[11]

Its story

The area was first called Bugain, after 'buga', black cinder formed from ash in Taal Volcano eruptions, and it was a remote barrio of Talisay with few settlers.^[11]

After the 1911 Taal eruption the population grew and farming became the main livelihood.^[11]

Local residents petitioned for a separate town, and the request went through Talisay's mayor and council and the provincial board to Congress.^[11]

The first set of officials took office on 8 November 1971, and the town held its first Foundation Day on 9 March 1972.^[11]

Timeline

21 June 1969
Republic Act No. 5689 created the municipality of Laurel from barrios of Talisay.^[9]
8 November 1971
The first elected officials of Laurel took office, with Placido T. Amo as Mayor.^[11]
9 March 1972
Laurel celebrated its first Foundation Day.^[11]

Nearby

Laurel shares a border with 6 places.

How it compares

Laurel beside Batangas, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Batangas.

Laurel beside Batangas
Figure	Laurel	Batangas	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Batangas
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	44,791^{[1, 2]}	2,994,795	23rd of 34
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.87% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.70% a year	9th of 34
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	615^[6]less crowded	1,099	27th of 34
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	72.84 km²^[6]	2,725.23 km²	12th of 34
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.1^{[1, 2]}higher	3.6	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	15.6%^[5]lower	50.3%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Batangas City, the capital of Batangas: 42.2 km southeast
Manila: 61.5 km north

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

AgoncilloBatangas7.1 km south
Tagaytay CityCavite9.0 km northeast
MendezCavite9.5 km north
San NicolasBatangas9.9 km southeast
AlfonsoCavite10.8 km northwest
Calaca CityBatangas12.7 km southwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: CALABARZON (OpenSTAT table 0041A6DTPH3). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Lawphil Project. Republic Act No. 5689, An Act Creating the Municipality of Laurel in the Province of Batangas. Published June 21, 1969. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Municipality of Laurel, Batangas. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Municipality of Laurel, Batangas. Laurel, Batangas - History. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 10673: An Act reapportioning the Province of Batangas into six (6) legislative districts. Published August 19, 2015. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.www.laurelbatangas.gov.ph. Laurel, Batangas - History. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
30.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
31.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
36.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Laurel, Batangas.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/batangas/laurel