Municipality

Palanas

Palanas is a municipality in Masbate, Bicol Region, Philippines. Its population was 28,133 in the 2024 census, and it has 24 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
28,133
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 10.3% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
15th
of the 21 cities and municipalities of Masbate by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 3 of every 100 people in Masbate lived in Palanas in 2024 (3.09%)
Inside itSources
24
barangays
LandSources
119.49 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Palanas's land would fill a square about 10.9 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 235 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 2 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
6,971
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
0%
Fewer than 1 of every 1,000 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0504115000^[4]Formerly 054115000
ZIP code: 5404^{[13, 14, 15]}

People

Palanas had 28,133 people in the 2024 census, up 10.3% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Palanas had the 15th most people of the 21 cities and municipalities of Masbate in 2024^[1]

12Balud40,236
13San Jacinto29,458
14Baleno28,787
15Palanas28,133
16Monreal25,843
17Dimasalang25,054
18Pio V. Corpus23,641

All 21 cities and municipalities of Masbate

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 68 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Nabangig3,47812 in 100
Poblacion2,6479 in 100
Maravilla2,4719 in 100
Santa Cruz2,3788 in 100
Nipa2,0677 in 100
Malibas1,5145 in 100
Miabas1,4355 in 100
Bontod1,3215 in 100
San Carlos9934 in 100
Maanahao8433 in 100

See all 24 barangays of Palanas

Age structure · 2020 Census^[34]People living in households, by age and sex

About 35 of every 100 are children under 15 (35.3%)
About 57 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (57%)
About 8 of every 100 are 65 or older (7.7%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	3,092	1,528	1,564
5 - 9	3,262	1,634	1,628
10 - 14	3,277	1,665	1,612
15 - 19	3,148	1,632	1,516
20 - 24	2,200	1,130	1,070
25 - 29	1,721	874	847
30 - 34	1,489	787	702
35 - 39	1,226	615	611
40 - 44	1,274	642	632
45 - 49	1,243	629	614
50 - 54	1,228	612	616
55 - 59	1,068	526	542
60 - 64	969	461	508
65 - 69	736	324	412
70 - 74	525	222	303
75 - 79	470	181	289
80 years and over	378	129	249

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 28,133^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 6,971^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Masbate, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 3.09%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 0% (0 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 13,591 men, 13,715 women^[34]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	28,133^{[1, 2]}	0.70% a year	6,971	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	27,322^[1]	0.87% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	26,222^[1]	0.53% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	25,501^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	24,830^[32]	0.09% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	24,666^{[32, 33]}	0.97% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	23,580^[32]	1.51% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	21,763^[32]	−1.52% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	25,369^[32]	−1.18% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	26,916^[32]	0.81% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	25,848^[32]	2.05% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	21,001^[32]	—	—	—

Barangays

Palanas is made up of 24 barangays.

Barangays of Palanas. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Antipolo	627	2.23%	−1.33% a year	about 5.43 km²	Rural
Banco	664	2.36%	−1.86% a year	about 4.73 km²	Rural
Biga-a	588	2.09%	−0.40% a year	about 5.81 km²	Rural
Bontod	1,321	4.7%	4.10% a year	about 4.54 km²	Rural
Buenasuerte	458	1.63%	−2.18% a year	about 8.01 km²	Rural
Intusan	542	1.93%	−1.41% a year	about 5.14 km²	Rural
Jose A. Abenir Sr.	805	2.86%	2.92% a year	about 6.59 km²	Rural
Maanahao	843	3%	0.52% a year	about 7.01 km²	Rural
Mabini	813	2.89%	−2.79% a year	about 6.67 km²	Rural
Malatawan	534	1.9%	−3.14% a year	about 3.77 km²	Rural
Malibas	1,514	5.38%	3.19% a year	about 6.76 km²	Rural
Maravilla	2,471	8.78%	1.33% a year	about 2.55 km²	Rural
Matugnao	684	2.43%	2.07% a year	about 6.36 km²	Rural
Miabas	1,435	5.1%	−1.77% a year	about 6.92 km²	Rural
Nabangig	3,478	12.36%	2.89% a year	about 6.10 km²	Rural
Nipa	2,067	7.35%	2.95% a year	about 4.69 km²	Rural
Parina	711	2.53%	3.70% a year	about 5.48 km²	Rural
Piña	787	2.8%	−2.19% a year	about 3.16 km²	Rural
Poblacion	2,647	9.41%	0.31% a year	about 0.938 km²	Rural
Salvacion	817	2.9%	−2.35% a year	about 2.97 km²	Rural
San Antonio	377	1.34%	0.06% a year	about 6.69 km²	Rural
San Carlos	993	3.53%	−2.32% a year	about 4.33 km²	Rural
San Isidro	579	2.06%	−0.77% a year	about 9.13 km²	Rural
Santa Cruz	2,378	8.45%	1.16% a year	about 7.67 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Palanas covers 119.49 km² of land, 235 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 421 m above the sea and it has 14.2 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 119.49 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 235 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 12.10541° N, 123.90891° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[28]

Lowest: 0 m
Average: 122 m
Highest: 421 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

14.2 km of coastline^[29]

Rivers^[29]

Gaed River11.9 of 19.7 km
Nainday River10.5 of 35.5 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[30]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Masbate, the nearest PAGASA station, 42 km away^[31]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,027 mm of rain on 146 days a year; 28.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Masbate, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	195 mm	14	26.9 °C	30.4 °C	23.4 °C
February	114 mm	10	27.2 °C	31.0 °C	23.4 °C
March	111 mm	8	28.0 °C	32.0 °C	24.0 °C
April	50 mm	5	29.1 °C	33.2 °C	24.9 °C
May	127 mm	8	29.7 °C	33.7 °C	25.7 °C
June	145 mm	11	29.4 °C	33.3 °C	25.5 °C
July	209 mm	15	28.8 °C	32.5 °C	25.1 °C
August	169 mm	14	28.8 °C	32.5 °C	25.1 °C
September	205 mm	15	28.8 °C	32.5 °C	25.0 °C
October	204 mm	14	28.6 °C	32.4 °C	24.9 °C
November	205 mm	15	28.3 °C	31.9 °C	24.7 °C
December	294 mm	17	27.5 °C	30.9 °C	24.1 °C
The year	2,027 mm	146	28.4 °C	32.2 °C	24.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 9 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 27 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 26.6% of people^[18]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 3rd class^[4]

About 27 of every 100 people in Palanas lived below the poverty line in 2021 (26.6%)^[18]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 23.5% and 29.6%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

1government office
2hospitals and health centres
32schools
2places of worship
1market

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices1

Palanas Municipal Building · Poblacion

Hospitals and health centres2

Markets1

Palanas Public Market · Poblacion

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Palanas. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[11, 12]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 3rd district of Masbate^{[16, 17]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Roscelle Alvarez Eramiz^[19]
Vice mayor
Jonathan Alvarez Abenir^[19]
2022–2025
Mayor
Roscelle Alvarez Eramiz^[20]
Vice mayor
Jonathan Alvarez Abenir^[20]
2019–2022
Mayor
Roscelle Alvarez Eramiz^[21]
Vice mayor
Rudy Lim Alvarez^[21]
2016–2019
Mayor
Rudy Lim Alvarez^[22]
Vice mayor
Jonathan Alvarez Abenir^[22]
2013–2016
Mayor
Rudy Lim Alvarez^[23]
Vice mayor
Alfonso Sia Son Jr.^[23]
2010–2013
Mayor
Rudy Lim Alvarez Sr.^[24]
Vice mayor
Alfonso Sia Son Jr.^[24]
2007–2010
Mayor
Silvestre Abejero Alvarez^[25]
Vice mayor
Rudy Lim Alvarez Sr.^[25]
2004–2007
Mayor
Rudy Alvarez Sr.^[26]
Vice mayor
Alfonso Son Jr.^[26]
2001–2004
Mayor
Rudy L. Alvarez^[27]
Vice mayor
Jose L. Tiong^[27]

Mayors and vice mayors of Palanas, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Roscelle Alvarez Eramiz^[19]	Jonathan Alvarez Abenir^[19]
2022–2025	Roscelle Alvarez Eramiz^[20]	Jonathan Alvarez Abenir^[20]
2019–2022	Roscelle Alvarez Eramiz^[21]	Rudy Lim Alvarez^[21]
2016–2019	Rudy Lim Alvarez^[22]	Jonathan Alvarez Abenir^[22]
2013–2016	Rudy Lim Alvarez^[23]	Alfonso Sia Son Jr.^[23]
2010–2013	Rudy Lim Alvarez Sr.^[24]	Alfonso Sia Son Jr.^[24]
2007–2010	Silvestre Abejero Alvarez^[25]	Rudy Lim Alvarez Sr.^[25]
2004–2007	Rudy Alvarez Sr.^[26]	Alfonso Son Jr.^[26]
2001–2004	Rudy L. Alvarez^[27]	Jose L. Tiong^[27]

History & Identity

Stories from Bicol Region

Palanas has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Bicol Region, which Palanas is part of.

Film, 0:56
Bicol Region
Bicol Region: the day Mayon moved a town
Tradition says Bicol is named for a bending river. On 1 February 1814 Mayon buried Cagsawa; the town moved to Daraga, and in 1914 the Bicol Region made a pilgrimage to the ruins.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Created: Republic Act No. 639, approved on 11 June 1951, separated seventeen barrios from Dimasalang and made them the Municipality of Palanas, with its seat of government at the barrio of Palanas.^[9]

Its story

Under Act No. 993 of 1903, the municipality then called Palanas was folded into Dimas-Alang, whose seat of government was placed at the barrio of Naro.^[10]

Palanas became a municipality again in 1951 when Congress took seventeen barrios, among them Palanas, Nipa, Nabangig and Banco, out of Dimasalang.^[9]

Timeline

17 November 1903
Act No. 993 merged the old municipality of Palanas into Dimas-Alang, seated at the barrio of Naro.^[10]
11 June 1951
Republic Act No. 639 created the Municipality of Palanas out of barrios of Dimasalang.^[9]

Nearby

Palanas shares a border with Cataingan, Cawayan, Dimasalang and Placer.

How it compares

Palanas beside Masbate, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Masbate.

Palanas beside Masbate
Figure	Palanas	Masbate	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Masbate
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	28,133^{[1, 2]}	910,813	15th of 21
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.70% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.05% a year	2nd of 21
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	235^[6]more crowded	222	14th of 21
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	119.49 km²^[6]	4,095.65 km²	14th of 21
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}lower	4.1	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	0%^[5]lower	14%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Masbate City, the capital of Masbate: 43.0 km northwest
Manila: 419.7 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

DimasalangMasbate8.9 km northwest
CatainganMasbate12.7 km south
CawayanMasbate18.3 km southwest
PlacerMasbate18.3 km south
UsonMasbate18.6 km west
Pio V. CorpusMasbate27.2 km southeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Bicol Region (OpenSTAT table 0051A6DTPH4). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Congress of the Philippines / The Lawphil Project. Republic Act No. 639. Published June 11, 1951. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Lawphil Project. Act No. 993 (reducing the seventeen municipalities of Masbate to thirteen). Published November 17, 1903. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
19.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
29.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Palanas, Masbate.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/masbate/palanas