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Municipality

Santa

Santa is a municipality in Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Region, Philippines. Its population was 15,164 in the 2024 census, and it has 26 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Santa by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
BantayCaoayanVigan CityNarvacanSan QuintinAmpandula: 619 people, 63 per km², 0.67% a yearBanaoang: 475 people, 110 per km², −1.74% a yearBasug: 215 people, 324 per km², −0.98% a yearBucalag: 109 people, 2,189 per km², −7.81% a yearCabangaran: 280 people, 1,049 per km², 1.33% a yearCalungboyan: 574 people, 260 per km², 1.16% a yearCasiber: 545 people, 556 per km², 0.54% a yearDammay: 170 people, 35 per km², 1.62% a yearLabut Norte: 620 people, 539 per km², 2.74% a yearLabut Sur: 259 people, 265 per km², −1.85% a yearMabilbila Sur: 1,988 people, 720 per km², −0.10% a yearMabilbila Norte: 715 people, 58 per km², 1.46% a yearMagsaysay District: 927 people, 677 per km², −0.66% a yearManueva: 958 people, 606 per km², −0.32% a yearMarcos: 527 people, 1,089 per km², 2.27% a yearNagpanaoan: 870 people, 112 per km², 3.66% a yearNamalangan: 679 people, 1,418 per km², 1.50% a yearOribi: 174 people, 1,225 per km², 0.42% a yearPasungol: 886 people, 10,662 per km², 0.30% a yearQuezon: 293 people, 4,696 per km², −1.65% a yearQuirino: 308 people, 2,200 per km², −1.35% a yearRancho: 643 people, 337 per km², −0.59% a yearRizal: 846 people, 358 per km², −0.61% a yearSacuyya Norte: 727 people, 452 per km², 0.10% a yearSacuyya Sur: 504 people, 571 per km², −1.55% a yearTabucolan: 253 people, 1,188 per km², 2.42% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    15,164

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 0.4% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    17th

    of the 34 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 2 of every 100 people in Ilocos Sur lived in Santa in 2024 (2.14%)

  • Inside itSources

    26

    barangays

  • LandSources

    63.51 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Santa's land would fill a square about 8.0 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 239 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 2 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    4,138

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    3.7 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    16.4%

    About 16 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
0102922000[4]Formerly 012922000
ZIP code
2703[14, 15]

People

Santa had 15,164 people in the 2024 census, up 0.4% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Santa had the 17th most people of the 34 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur in 2024[1]
  1. 14Cervantes20,065
  2. 15Santiago19,771
  3. 16Caoayan19,715
  4. 17Santa15,164
  5. 18Santa Catalina14,319
  6. 19San Vicente13,074
  7. 20Burgos13,026
All 34 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 61 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Mabilbila Sur1,98813 in 100
  2. Manueva9586 in 100
  3. Magsaysay District9276 in 100
  4. Pasungol8866 in 100
  5. Nagpanaoan8706 in 100
  6. Rizal8466 in 100
  7. Sacuyya Norte7275 in 100
  8. Mabilbila Norte7155 in 100
  9. Namalangan6794 in 100
  10. Rancho6434 in 100
See all 26 barangays of Santa
Age structure · 2020 Census[34]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 24 of every 100 are children under 15 (23.6%)
  • About 67 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (66.8%)
  • About 10 of every 100 are 65 or older (9.6%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 4984504480
5 - 91,211662549
10 - 141,332727605
15 - 191,293662631
20 - 241,203622581
25 - 291,222623599
30 - 341,162593569
35 - 391,069550519
40 - 44908474434
45 - 49886467419
50 - 54832414418
55 - 59791381410
60 - 64621317304
65 - 69484209275
70 - 74347144203
75 - 7924484160
80 years and over35799258

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
15,164[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4,138[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
3.7 on average[1, 2]
Share of Ilocos Sur, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
2.14%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
16.4% (2,492 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
7,532 men, 7,414 women[34]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 202415,164[1, 2]0.27% a year4,1383.7
2020as of May 1, 202014,992[1]−0.48% a year——
2015as of August 1, 201515,340[1]0.29% a year——
2010as of May 1, 201015,106[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then14,059[32]0.14% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders13,918[32, 33]1.81% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then12,801[32]0.34% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then12,570[32]1.02% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then11,359[32]−0.76% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then11,799[32]1.68% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then10,859[32]0.60% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then10,214[32]———

Barangays

Santa is made up of 26 barangays.
Barangays of Santa. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Ampandula6194.08%0.67% a yearabout 9.83 km²Rural
Banaoang4753.13%−1.74% a yearabout 4.33 km²Rural
Basug2151.42%−0.98% a yearabout 0.663 km²Rural
Bucalag1090.72%−7.81% a yearabout 0.0498 km²Rural
Cabangaran2801.85%1.33% a yearabout 0.267 km²Rural
Calungboyan5743.79%1.16% a yearabout 2.21 km²Rural
Casiber5453.59%0.54% a yearabout 0.981 km²Rural
Dammay1701.12%1.62% a yearabout 4.84 km²Rural
Labut Norte6204.09%2.74% a yearabout 1.15 km²Rural
Labut Sur2591.71%−1.85% a yearabout 0.977 km²Rural
Mabilbila Norte7154.72%1.46% a yearabout 12.39 km²Rural
Mabilbila Sur1,98813.11%−0.10% a yearabout 2.76 km²Urban
Magsaysay District9276.11%−0.66% a yearabout 1.37 km²Rural
Manueva9586.32%−0.32% a yearabout 1.58 km²Rural
Marcos5273.48%2.27% a yearabout 0.484 km²Rural
Nagpanaoan8705.74%3.66% a yearabout 7.80 km²Rural
Namalangan6794.48%1.50% a yearabout 0.479 km²Rural
Oribi1741.15%0.42% a yearabout 0.142 km²Rural
Pasungol8865.84%0.30% a yearabout 0.0831 km²Rural
Quezon2931.93%−1.65% a yearabout 0.0624 km²Rural
Quirino3082.03%−1.35% a yearabout 0.14 km²Rural
Rancho6434.24%−0.59% a yearabout 1.91 km²Rural
Rizal8465.58%−0.61% a yearabout 2.36 km²Rural
Sacuyya Norte7274.79%0.10% a yearabout 1.61 km²Rural
Sacuyya Sur5043.32%−1.55% a yearabout 0.882 km²Urban
Tabucolan2531.67%2.42% a yearabout 0.213 km²Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Santa covers 63.51 km² of land, 239 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 618 m above the sea and it has 19.9 km of coast.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
63.51 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
239 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
17.52943° N, 120.44321° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[28]
Lowest
Sea level
Average
112 m
Highest
618 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

19.9 km of coastline[29]

Rivers[29]

  1. Abra River10.2 of 194.8 km

Peaks[29]

  1. Mount Tirad480 m
  2. North Tetas de Santaheight not mapped
  3. South Tetas de Santaheight not mapped
  4. Vigan Gap South Shoulderheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I[30]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Sinait, the nearest PAGASA station, 40 km away[31]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,172 mm of rain on 97 days a year; 27.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Sinait, 1991 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January6 mm225.7 °C30.2 °C21.2 °C
February3 mm226.2 °C30.7 °C21.6 °C
March5 mm227.4 °C31.8 °C23.0 °C
April17 mm228.7 °C33.0 °C24.3 °C
May173 mm929.0 °C33.0 °C24.9 °C
June282 mm1428.4 °C32.2 °C24.6 °C
July530 mm1927.7 °C31.3 °C24.1 °C
August614 mm1927.3 °C30.6 °C24.0 °C
September356 mm1527.4 °C31.0 °C23.8 °C
October135 mm727.4 °C31.4 °C23.4 °C
November46 mm427.3 °C31.5 °C23.2 °C
December6 mm226.6 °C30.9 °C22.3 °C
The year2,172 mm9727.4 °C31.5 °C23.4 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 58 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 13 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
13.1% of people[18]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
2nd class[4]
About 13 of every 100 people in Santa lived below the poverty line in 2021 (13.1%)[18]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 10.9% and 15.4%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

  • 1government office
  • 1hospital or health centre
  • 13schools
  • 1market
  • 1park
  • 1monument or memorial

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Santa. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[12, 13]

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
2nd district of Ilocos Sur[16, 17]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[19]
    Vice mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[19]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[20]
    Vice mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[20]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[21]
    Vice mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[21]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[22]
    Vice mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[22]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[23]
    Vice mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[23]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[24]
    Vice mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[24]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[25]
    Vice mayor
    Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[25]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Jesus Bueno Jr.[26]
    Vice mayor
    Edgar Tejada[26]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Jesus B. Bueno Jr.[27]
    Vice mayor
    Edgar S. Tejada[27]
Mayors and vice mayors of Santa, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[19]Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[19]
2022–2025Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[20]Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[20]
2019–2022Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[21]Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[21]
2016–2019Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[22]Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[22]
2013–2016Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[23]Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[23]
2010–2013Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[24]Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[24]
2007–2010Jeremy Jesus De Peralta Bueno III[25]Jesus Bello Bueno Jr.[25]
2004–2007Jesus Bueno Jr.[26]Edgar Tejada[26]
2001–2004Jesus B. Bueno Jr.[27]Edgar S. Tejada[27]

History & Identity

Its story

A historical marker in Santa says that Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang was born in the barrio of Canniogan in this municipality, around 1723.[9]

She was the wife of Diego Silang, who led the Ilocos revolt. After he was killed she carried on the uprising, but Spanish authorities captured her and put her to death on 20 September 1763.[9]

A second marker, on the Manila North Road in Santa, describes a pass first built by Franciscans in 1600. It was used in the 1660 revolt and again in the Diego and Gabriela Silang revolt of 1762 and 1763, when Spanish troops attacked it.[10]

Timeline

  1. c. 1723

    Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang was born in Barrio Canniogan, Santa, according to the 1963 marker there.[9]

  2. 20 September 1763

    Gabriela Silang was executed on 20 September 1763 after the Spanish captured her and ended the uprising.[9]

  3. 8 October 1903

    Act No. 934 kept the municipality of Santa within its existing boundaries when the province's municipalities were cut from 24 to 14.[11]

Nearby

Santa shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Santa beside Ilocos Sur, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur.

Santa beside Ilocos Sur
FigureSantaIlocos SurRank among the cities and municipalities of Ilocos Sur
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary15,164[1, 2]709,99117th of 34
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary0.27% a year[1, 2]faster0.13% a year11th of 34
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary239[6]less crowded26823rd of 34
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary63.51 km²[6]2,651.49 km²16th of 34
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary3.7[1, 2]lower3.8not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary16.4%[5]higher10.6%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Vigan City, the capital of Ilocos Sur
8.6 km northwest
Manila
332.3 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. CaoayanIlocos Sur5.3 km west
  2. BantayIlocos Sur6.8 km north
  3. San QuintinAbra7.0 km east
  4. Vigan CityIlocos Sur8.6 km northwest
  5. NarvacanIlocos Sur9.6 km southeast
  6. Santa CatalinaIlocos Sur11.0 km northwest

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Ilocos Region (OpenSTAT table 0011A6DTPH0). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang 1723-1763 (historical marker text, Santa). Published 1963. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Pasong Diego-Gabriela Silang (historical marker text). Published September 20, 1976. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.Philippine Commission (via The Lawphil Project). Act No. 934: An Act reducing the twenty-four municipalities of the Province of Ilocos Sur to fourteen. Published October 8, 1903. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  13. 13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  14. 14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  15. 15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  16. 16.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  17. 17.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  18. 18.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  19. 19.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  20. 20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  21. 21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  27. 27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  28. 28.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  29. 29.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  30. 30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  31. 31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  33. 33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  34. 34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Santa, Ilocos Sur.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/ilocos-sur/santa