Municipality

Pagudpud

Pagudpud is a municipality in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Region, Philippines. Its population was 25,565 in the 2024 census, and it has 16 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
25,565
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 16.9% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
11th
of the 23 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Norte by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 4 of every 100 people in Ilocos Norte lived in Pagudpud in 2024 (4.13%)
Inside itSources
16
barangays
LandSources
176.79 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Pagudpud's land would fill a square about 13.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 145 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
7,030
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3.6 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
20.6%
About 21 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0102815000^[4]Formerly 012815000
ZIP code: 2919^{[15, 16]}

People

Pagudpud had 25,565 people in the 2024 census, up 16.9% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Pagudpud had the 11th most people of the 23 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Norte in 2024^[1]

8Pasuquin30,521
9Sarrat26,294
10Solsona26,249
11Pagudpud25,565
12Paoay24,204
13Piddig22,781
14Banna19,363

All 23 cities and municipalities of Ilocos Norte

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 77 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Poblacion 23,07112 in 100
Poblacion 12,59110 in 100
Pancian2,4149 in 100
Balaoi2,2179 in 100
Subec1,8557 in 100
Pasaleng1,7737 in 100
Caunayan1,6406 in 100
Saud1,5916 in 100
Burayoc1,3895 in 100
Baduang1,2395 in 100

See all 16 barangays of Pagudpud

Age structure · 2020 Census^[35]People living in households, by age and sex

About 27 of every 100 are children under 15 (27.2%)
About 66 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (65.8%)
About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (7%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	2,087	1,123	964
5 - 9	2,207	1,126	1,081
10 - 14	2,519	1,309	1,210
15 - 19	2,428	1,250	1,178
20 - 24	2,180	1,139	1,041
25 - 29	1,951	1,005	946
30 - 34	1,975	998	977
35 - 39	1,756	933	823
40 - 44	1,624	816	808
45 - 49	1,410	718	692
50 - 54	1,229	602	627
55 - 59	1,024	498	526
60 - 64	901	475	426
65 - 69	673	309	364
70 - 74	413	159	254
75 - 79	290	119	171
80 years and over	365	116	249

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 25,565^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 7,030^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 3.6 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Ilocos Norte, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 4.13%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 20.6% (5,272 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 12,695 men, 12,337 women^[35]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	25,565^{[1, 2]}	0.44% a year	7,030	3.6
2020as of May 1, 2020	25,098^[1]	1.15% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	23,770^[1]	1.59% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	21,877^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	20,385^[33]	0.75% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	19,315^{[33, 34]}	2.56% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	17,168^[33]	0.68% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	16,558^[33]	1.93% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	13,675^[33]	1.99% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	12,388^[33]	1.89% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	11,283^[33]	2.57% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	8,702^[33]	—	—	—

Barangays

Pagudpud is made up of 16 barangays.

Barangays of Pagudpud. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Aggasi	778	3.04%	1.71% a year	about 3.65 km²	Rural
Baduang	1,239	4.85%	2.21% a year	about 1.86 km²	Rural
Balaoi	2,217	8.67%	2.75% a year	about 24.22 km²	Rural
Burayoc	1,389	5.43%	−1.20% a year	about 4.63 km²	Rural
Caparispisan	1,090	4.26%	3.88% a year	about 17.11 km²	Urban
Caunayan	1,640	6.42%	1.69% a year	about 14.80 km²	Rural
Dampig	965	3.77%	−1.44% a year	about 12.61 km²	Rural
Ligaya	1,079	4.22%	0.50% a year	about 1.39 km²	Rural
Pancian	2,414	9.44%	0.16% a year	about 62.73 km²	Rural
Pasaleng	1,773	6.94%	−0.27% a year	about 22.23 km²	Rural
Poblacion 1	2,591	10.13%	−0.71% a year	about 1.70 km²	Urban
Poblacion 2	3,071	12.01%	−1.41% a year	about 1.40 km²	Rural
Saguigui	876	3.43%	−0.73% a year	about 11.02 km²	Rural
Saud	1,591	6.22%	1.97% a year	about 3.26 km²	Urban
Subec	1,855	7.26%	0.30% a year	about 7.96 km²	Rural
Tarrag	997	3.9%	1.42% a year	about 3.65 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Pagudpud covers 176.79 km² of land, 145 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,302 m above the sea and it has 42.9 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 176.79 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 145 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 18.58249° N, 120.83247° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[29]

Lowest: Sea level
Average: 258 m
Highest: 1,302 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

42.9 km of coastline^[30]

Rivers^[30]

Cabacangan River11.4 km
Bulu River10.3 of 42.4 km
Caunayan River4.3 km
Caunayan River4.2 km
Caparispisan River3.5 km

Peaks^[30]

Mount Pico de Loro1,350 m
Mount San Miguelheight not mapped
Patapat Mountainsheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type I^[31]

Two seasons: dry from November to April, wet for the rest of the year, with the heaviest rain from June to September.

Covers about 76 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Laoag City, the nearest PAGASA station, 54 km away^[32]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,187 mm of rain on 86 days a year; 27.6 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Laoag City, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	6 mm	2	25.2 °C	30.6 °C	19.8 °C
February	3 mm	2	25.8 °C	31.2 °C	20.4 °C
March	5 mm	1	27.2 °C	32.5 °C	21.9 °C
April	22 mm	2	28.6 °C	33.6 °C	23.6 °C
May	219 mm	8	29.2 °C	33.7 °C	24.7 °C
June	287 mm	12	28.9 °C	33.1 °C	24.8 °C
July	479 mm	16	28.4 °C	32.2 °C	24.5 °C
August	594 mm	17	28.0 °C	31.6 °C	24.4 °C
September	413 mm	13	27.9 °C	31.8 °C	24.1 °C
October	117 mm	7	27.8 °C	32.1 °C	23.5 °C
November	37 mm	4	27.4 °C	32.0 °C	22.8 °C
December	6 mm	2	26.3 °C	31.1 °C	21.4 °C
The year	2,187 mm	86	27.6 °C	32.1 °C	23.0 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 5 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 8 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 8.2% of people^[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 8 of every 100 people in Pagudpud lived below the poverty line in 2021 (8.2%)^[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 5.7% and 10.7%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

4government offices
1hospital or health centre
21schools
5places of worship
1market
1station or terminal
2parks
4beaches

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices2

Parks2

Beaches4

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Pagudpud. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[13, 14]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 1st district of Ilocos Norte^{[17, 18]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Rafael Ralph Las Marias Benemerito II^[20]
Vice mayor
Melvyn Benemerito Calvan II^[20]
2022–2025
Mayor
Rafael Ralph Lasmarias Benemerito II^[21]
Vice mayor
Melvyn Benemerito Calvan II^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Rafael Ralph Lasmarias Benemerito II^[22]
Vice mayor
Matilde Henson Sales^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[23]
Vice mayor
Matilde Henson Sales^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[24]
Vice mayor
Rex Castro Benemerito^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Matilde Henson Sales^[25]
Vice mayor
Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[26]
Vice mayor
Matilde Henson Sales^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
Marlon Sales^[27]
Vice mayor
Matilde Henson^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Marlon T. Sales^[28]
Vice mayor
Reynolan T. Sales^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Pagudpud, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Rafael Ralph Las Marias Benemerito II^[20]	Melvyn Benemerito Calvan II^[20]
2022–2025	Rafael Ralph Lasmarias Benemerito II^[21]	Melvyn Benemerito Calvan II^[21]
2019–2022	Rafael Ralph Lasmarias Benemerito II^[22]	Matilde Henson Sales^[22]
2016–2019	Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[23]	Matilde Henson Sales^[23]
2013–2016	Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[24]	Rex Castro Benemerito^[24]
2010–2013	Matilde Henson Sales^[25]	Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[25]
2007–2010	Marlon Ferdinand Torres Sales^[26]	Matilde Henson Sales^[26]
2004–2007	Marlon Sales^[27]	Matilde Henson^[27]
2001–2004	Marlon T. Sales^[28]	Reynolan T. Sales^[28]

History & Identity

Stories from Ilocos Region

Pagudpud has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Ilocos Region, which Pagudpud is part of.

Film, 1:00
Ilocos Region
Ilocos: our dialect, salt and a union
The oldest name of the Ilocos is said to mean 'our dialect'. One Ilocos split in 1818, La Union was named in 1850, and Pangasinan is said to mean 'where salt is made'.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Created: Executive Order No. 13 of President Ramon Magsaysay, dated 14 February 1954, created Pagudpud as a municipality carved from eight barrios of Bangui: Tongotong, Tarrag, Subec, Pasaleng, Pagudpud, Dampig, Burayoc and Baduang. The barrio of Pagudpud served as the seat of government.^[9]

Its story

Before 1954 the barrios of Pagudpud belonged to the municipality of Bangui. Executive Order No. 13 separated eight of them to form the new town.^[9]

The order said the town would begin to exist once its first officials were appointed and qualified, and once the Secretary of Finance certified that it could pay for its basic services.^[9]

On 16 February 1957 President Magsaysay abolished the municipality and returned its barrios to Bangui. The abolition was to take effect thirty days after the Mayor of Pagudpud received the order.^[10]

On 14 January 1959 President Carlos P. Garcia revoked the abolition order, so Pagudpud continued as a municipality.^[11]

In the Second World War, the US submarine USS Stingray landed 15 soldiers and supplies at Caunayan Bay in Pagudpud on 27 August 1944 to help the Ablan-Madamba guerrillas.^[12]

Timeline

27 August 1944
USS Stingray lands soldiers and arms at Caunayan Bay to find Governor Roque B. Ablan and help his guerrillas.^[12]
14 February 1954
Executive Order No. 13 creates the Municipality of Pagudpud from eight Bangui barrios.^[9]
16 February 1957
Executive Order No. 240 abolishes the municipality and restores its barrios to Bangui.^[10]
14 January 1959
Executive Order No. 328 revokes Executive Order No. 240; the revocation took effect immediately.^[11]

Nearby

Pagudpud shares a border with Adams, Bangui, Dumalneg and Santa Praxedes.

How it compares

Pagudpud beside Ilocos Norte, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Ilocos Norte.

Pagudpud beside Ilocos Norte
Figure	Pagudpud	Ilocos Norte	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Ilocos Norte
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	25,565^{[1, 2]}	618,850	11th of 23
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.44% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.36% a year	11th of 23
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	145^[6]less crowded	187	16th of 23
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	176.79 km²^[6]	3,309.78 km²	5th of 23
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	3.6^{[1, 2]}lower	3.7	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	20.6%^[5]higher	15.6%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Laoag City, the capital of Ilocos Norte: 49.8 km southwest
Manila: 444.6 km south

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

DumalnegIlocos Norte12.6 km south
BanguiIlocos Norte12.9 km southwest
AdamsIlocos Norte18.3 km southeast
Santa PraxedesCagayan19.1 km southeast
BurgosIlocos Norte21.8 km southwest
VintarIlocos Norte25.9 km south

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Ilocos Region (OpenSTAT table 0011A6DTPH0). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Office of the President (via LawPhil). Executive Order No. 13, s. 1954. Published February 14, 1954. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Office of the President (via Lawphil). Executive Order No. 240, Abolishing the Municipality of Pagudpud. Published February 16, 1957. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Office of the President (via LawPhil). Executive Order No. 328, s. 1959. Published January 14, 1959. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Ang Pinagdaungan ng USS Stingray (marker text). Published 2018. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
30.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/ilocos-norte/pagudpud