Municipality

Santa Elena

Santa Elena is a municipality in Camarines Norte, Bicol Region, Philippines. Its population was 42,585 in the 2024 census, and it has 19 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
42,585
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 4.3% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
8th
of the 12 cities and municipalities of Camarines Norte by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 7 of every 100 people in Camarines Norte lived in Santa Elena in 2024 (7.04%)
Inside itSources
19
barangays
LandSources
224.72 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Santa Elena's land would fill a square about 15.0 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 190 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 2 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
10,705
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
40.9%
About 41 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0501610000^[4]Formerly 051610000
ZIP code: 4611^{[14, 15, 16]}

People

Santa Elena had 42,585 people in the 2024 census, up 4.3% from 2010.

People at each census since 1970

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Santa Elena had the 8th most people of the 12 cities and municipalities of Camarines Norte in 2024^[1]

5Mercedes53,702
6Vinzons45,173
7Basud43,388
8Santa Elena42,585
9Capalonga32,800
10Talisay26,371
11San Lorenzo Ruiz15,072

All 12 cities and municipalities of Camarines Norte

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 80 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Santa Elena9,62823 in 100
San Lorenzo5,59213 in 100
Basiad3,3658 in 100
Rizal2,8557 in 100
Bulala2,2325 in 100
Tabugon2,2115 in 100
Maulawin2,1635 in 100
Kabuluan2,0475 in 100
Don Tomas2,0135 in 100
San Pedro1,9445 in 100

See all 19 barangays of Santa Elena

Age structure · 2020 Census^[36]People living in households, by age and sex

About 35 of every 100 are children under 15 (35.3%)
About 59 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (59.4%)
About 5 of every 100 are 65 or older (5.3%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	5,109	2,629	2,480
5 - 9	5,087	2,625	2,462
10 - 14	5,183	2,667	2,516
15 - 19	4,558	2,340	2,218
20 - 24	3,546	1,822	1,724
25 - 29	3,037	1,526	1,511
30 - 34	2,720	1,394	1,326
35 - 39	2,433	1,282	1,151
40 - 44	2,279	1,155	1,124
45 - 49	2,149	1,126	1,023
50 - 54	2,037	1,037	1,000
55 - 59	1,720	881	839
60 - 64	1,379	699	680
65 - 69	964	455	509
70 - 74	599	252	347
75 - 79	384	137	247
80 years and over	379	123	256

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 42,585^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 10,705^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Camarines Norte, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 7.04%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 40.9% (17,431 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 22,150 men, 21,413 women^[36]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	42,585^{[1, 2]}	−0.55% a year	10,705	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	43,582^[1]	1.40% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	40,786^[1]	−0.02% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	40,828^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	40,300^[34]	0.86% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	37,878^{[34, 35]}	2.37% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	33,955^[34]	10.31% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	20,105^[34]	4.38% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	13,092^[34]	3.84% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	10,841^[34]	4.73% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	8,608^[34]	—	—	—

Barangays

Santa Elena is made up of 19 barangays.

Barangays of Santa Elena. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Basiad	3,365	7.9%	0.02% a year	about 10.84 km²	Rural
Bulala	2,232	5.24%	0.71% a year	about 13.63 km²	Rural
Don Tomas	2,013	4.73%	−1.11% a year	about 9.92 km²	Rural
Guitol	454	1.07%	3.46% a year	about 16.40 km²	Rural
Kabuluan	2,047	4.81%	−4.34% a year	about 12.05 km²	Rural
Kagtalaba	1,270	2.98%	0.19% a year	about 8.43 km²	Rural
Maulawin	2,163	5.08%	−2.61% a year	about 9.65 km²	Rural
Patag Ibaba	673	1.58%	0.99% a year	about 8.21 km²	Rural
Patag Iraya	506	1.19%	−2.15% a year	about 7.82 km²	Rural
Plaridel	1,663	3.91%	0.03% a year	about 15.67 km²	Rural
Polungguitguit	1,484	3.48%	−1.46% a year	about 8.24 km²	Rural
Rizal	2,855	6.7%	−2.62% a year	about 16.37 km²	Rural
Salvacion	929	2.18%	6.44% a year	about 4.21 km²	Rural
San Lorenzo	5,592	13.13%	−0.88% a year	about 7.82 km²	Urban
San Pedro	1,944	4.56%	2.07% a year	about 7.02 km²	Rural
San Vicente	1,193	2.8%	−1.23% a year	about 7.53 km²	Rural
Santa Elena	9,628	22.61%	−0.97% a year	about 8.51 km²	Urban
Tabugon	2,211	5.19%	3.44% a year	about 7.63 km²	Urban
Villa San Isidro	363	0.85%	6.52% a year	about 24.24 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Santa Elena covers 224.72 km² of land, 190 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 722 m above the sea and it has 37.1 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 224.72 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 190 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 14.15888° N, 122.39842° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[30]

Lowest: Sea level
Average: 86 m
Highest: 722 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

37.1 km of coastline^[31]

Rivers^[31]

Minasag River11.1 km
Tabogon River4.7 of 12.1 km
Del Pilar0.9 of 19.2 km
Tabogon River0.7 km

Peaks^[31]

Mount Cadig695 m
Flat Topheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type II^[32]

No dry season. The rain is heaviest from December to February, and no month is truly dry.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Alabat, the nearest PAGASA station, 42 km away^[33]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 3,363 mm of rain on 175 days a year; 27.0 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Alabat, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	249 mm	18	25.3 °C	28.4 °C	22.2 °C
February	193 mm	13	25.5 °C	28.8 °C	22.2 °C
March	147 mm	9	26.4 °C	30.0 °C	22.8 °C
April	84 mm	6	27.7 °C	31.8 °C	23.6 °C
May	128 mm	9	28.3 °C	32.8 °C	23.9 °C
June	175 mm	11	28.3 °C	32.7 °C	23.9 °C
July	230 mm	15	27.7 °C	31.8 °C	23.6 °C
August	144 mm	12	27.8 °C	32.0 °C	23.6 °C
September	267 mm	15	27.6 °C	31.7 °C	23.5 °C
October	457 mm	21	27.1 °C	30.7 °C	23.4 °C
November	567 mm	23	26.6 °C	29.9 °C	23.4 °C
December	722 mm	23	25.8 °C	28.7 °C	22.8 °C
The year	3,363 mm	175	27.0 °C	30.8 °C	23.2 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 5 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 24 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 23.6% of people^[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 24 of every 100 people in Santa Elena lived below the poverty line in 2021 (23.6%)^[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 19.2% and 28.1%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

1hospital or health centre
27schools
4places of worship
1station or terminal
1park

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Santa Elena. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[12, 13]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 1st district of Camarines Norte^{[17, 18]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[20]
Vice mayor
Ryan Jeffrey Tan Mendoza^[20]
2022–2025
Mayor
Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[21]
Vice mayor
Ryan Jeffrey Tan Mendoza^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[22]
Vice mayor
Ryan Jeffrey Tan Mendoza^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Emelita Tan Mendoza^[23]
Vice mayor
Bonifacio Bermido Argarin^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[24]
Vice mayor
Danilo Castro Ibasco^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Dominador Gesmundo Mendoza^[25]
Vice mayor
William Carandang Bercilla^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
Dominador Gesmundo Mendoza^[26]
Vice mayor
Rolando Ona Roxas^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
Dominador Mendoza^[27]
Vice mayor
William Bercilla^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Bernardina E. Borja^[28]
Vice mayor
Manuel B. Cortez^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Santa Elena, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[20]	Ryan Jeffrey Tan Mendoza^[20]
2022–2025	Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[21]	Ryan Jeffrey Tan Mendoza^[21]
2019–2022	Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[22]	Ryan Jeffrey Tan Mendoza^[22]
2016–2019	Emelita Tan Mendoza^[23]	Bonifacio Bermido Argarin^[23]
2013–2016	Bernardina Estanislao Borja^[24]	Danilo Castro Ibasco^[24]
2010–2013	Dominador Gesmundo Mendoza^[25]	William Carandang Bercilla^[25]
2007–2010	Dominador Gesmundo Mendoza^[26]	Rolando Ona Roxas^[26]
2004–2007	Dominador Mendoza^[27]	William Bercilla^[27]
2001–2004	Bernardina E. Borja^[28]	Manuel B. Cortez^[28]

Before 2001

The heads of Santa Elena before COMELEC's lists begin, newest first, as the local government's own page lists them, with the office as that page writes it ("Not given" where it names no single office). "From" a year: the page gives only when the term began.

Heads of Santa Elena before 2001, newest first
Years	Name	Office
1995–2001	Ernesto P. Borja^[29]	Mayor
1995	Joey E. Hermo^[29]	Mayor
1992–1995	Ernesto P. Borja^[29]	Mayor
1988–1992	Elino U. Roxas^[29]	Mayor
1987–1988	Paulo S. Bamba^[29]	Mayor
1986–1987	Iñigo J. Necio, Sr.^[29]	Mayor
1980–1986	Elino U. Roxas^[29]	Mayor
1975–1980	Elpidio J. Del Moro^[29]	Mayor
1972–1974	Vicente L. Dimatera^[29]	Mayor

History & Identity

Stories from Bicol Region

Santa Elena has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Bicol Region, which Santa Elena is part of.

Film, 0:56
Bicol Region
Bicol Region: the day Mayon moved a town
Tradition says Bicol is named for a bending river. On 1 February 1814 Mayon buried Cagsawa; the town moved to Daraga, and in 1914 the Bicol Region made a pilgrimage to the ruins.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Created: Republic Act No. 5480, approved on 21 June 1969, separated nine barrios from Capalonga and made them the new municipality of Santa Elena, with its seat at Barrio Santa Elena.^[9]

How it got its name

Local traditionThe town's own history says the place was a small sitio of Pulongguit-guit called Ilayang Santol. At a residents' meeting Eladio Borreo proposed the name Sta. Elena, after Saint Helena the Empress as patron saint, and the motion was passed unanimously.^[11]

Its story

The place was previously Ilayang Santol, a tiny sitio in Barrio Pulongguit-guit of Capalonga, and because the houses stood far apart, neighbours summoned one another by blowing a shell horn.^[11]

The town's history credits the Japanese with opening the first road and bridges linking the place to Daet and Manila. Regular bus trips from Daet to Manila followed, and people began building houses along the road.^[11]

Santa Elena became an independent barrio in 1948, while Lucio Jacob was mayor of Capalonga.^[11]

It became a municipality on 21 June 1969 under Republic Act 5480. The town credits its residents and Congressman Fernando V. Pajarillo, and says its first elected mayor, Vicente Dimatera, took office after the 1972 election.^{[9, 11]}

A later boundary dispute with Calauag, Quezon over areas near the town was decided by the Supreme Court in Santa Elena's favour, which enlarged the municipality.^[11]

Timeline

1948
Santa Elena became an independent barrio of Capalonga.^[11]
21 June 1969
Republic Act No. 5480 created the municipality of Santa Elena out of Capalonga.^[9]

Nearby

Santa Elena shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Santa Elena beside Camarines Norte, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Camarines Norte.

Santa Elena beside Camarines Norte
Figure	Santa Elena	Camarines Norte	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Camarines Norte
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	42,585^{[1, 2]}	604,666	8th of 12
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	−0.55% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	−0.97% a year	2nd of 12
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	190^[6]less crowded	273	8th of 12
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	224.72 km²^[6]	2,218.56 km²	4th of 12
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}about the same	4.0	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	40.9%^[5]higher	28.9%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Daet, the capital of Camarines Norte: 58.4 km east
Manila: 158.7 km west

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

CapalongaCamarines Norte15.2 km northeast
TagkawayanQuezon18.5 km southeast
CalauagQuezon18.9 km west
Jose PanganibanCamarines Norte28.6 km east
QuezonQuezon32.7 km west
GuinayanganQuezon35.4 km south

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Bicol Region (OpenSTAT table 0051A6DTPH4). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.The Lawphil Project, Arellano Law Foundation. Republic Act No. 5480. Published June 21, 1969. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Municipality of Santa Elena, Camarines Norte. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Municipality of Santa Elena. History - Official Website of Santa Elena. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 9725: An Act providing for the reapportionment of the lone legislative district of the Province of Camarines Norte. Published October 22, 2009. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.santaelena-cn.gov.ph. Past Mayor - Official Website of Santa Elena. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
30.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
31.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
36.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Santa Elena, Camarines Norte.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/camarines-norte/santa-elena