Municipality

Tudela

Tudela is a municipality in Misamis Occidental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Its population was 29,082 in the 2024 census, and it has 33 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
29,082
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 6.3% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
8th
of the 17 cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 5 of every 100 people in Misamis Occidental lived in Tudela in 2024 (4.68%)
Inside itSources
33
barangays
LandSources
87.34 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Tudela's land would fill a square about 9.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 333 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 3 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
7,228
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
8.7%
About 9 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 1004216000^[4]Formerly 104216000
ZIP code: 7202^{[14, 15, 16]}

People

Tudela had 29,082 people in the 2024 census, up 6.3% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Tudela had the 8th most people of the 17 cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental in 2024^[1]

5Clarin39,867
6Bonifacio34,942
7Jimenez29,265
8Tudela29,082
9Aloran28,095
10Lopez Jaena25,806
11Calamba23,808

All 17 cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 48 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Cabol-anonan1,8046 in 100
Centro Napu1,7436 in 100
Namut1,5815 in 100
Barra1,4675 in 100
Sebac1,4175 in 100
Basirang1,3735 in 100
Locso-on1,1904 in 100
Nailon1,1904 in 100
Gumbil1,0834 in 100
Napurog1,0614 in 100

See all 33 barangays of Tudela

Age structure · 2020 Census^[35]People living in households, by age and sex

About 30 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.7%)
About 63 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (62.7%)
About 8 of every 100 are 65 or older (7.5%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	2,604	1,339	1,265
5 - 9	2,854	1,539	1,315
10 - 14	3,047	1,587	1,460
15 - 19	2,804	1,465	1,339
20 - 24	2,284	1,172	1,112
25 - 29	2,152	1,147	1,005
30 - 34	1,850	970	880
35 - 39	1,700	912	788
40 - 44	1,708	854	854
45 - 49	1,583	833	750
50 - 54	1,436	717	719
55 - 59	1,327	653	674
60 - 64	1,095	548	547
65 - 69	829	393	436
70 - 74	562	227	335
75 - 79	363	145	218
80 years and over	391	127	264

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 29,082^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 7,228^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Misamis Occidental, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 4.68%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 8.7% (2,528 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 14,628 men, 13,961 women^[35]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	29,082^{[1, 2]}	0.40% a year	7,228	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	28,599^[1]	−0.24% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	28,932^[1]	1.06% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	27,371^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	25,113^[33]	1.19% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	23,047^{[33, 34]}	0.23% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	22,805^[33]	3.41% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	19,070^[33]	−1.37% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	21,893^[33]	2.21% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	19,625^[33]	1.89% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	17,877^[33]	2.89% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	13,361^[33]	—	—	—

Barangays

Tudela is made up of 33 barangays.

Barangays of Tudela. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Balon	898	3.09%	0.16% a year	about 5.44 km²	Rural
Barra	1,467	5.04%	0.87% a year	about 0.364 km²	Rural
Basirang	1,373	4.72%	0.93% a year	about 2.83 km²	Rural
Bongabong	467	1.61%	0.73% a year	about 3.21 km²	Rural
Buenavista	518	1.78%	0.09% a year	about 4.94 km²	Rural
Cabol-anonan	1,804	6.2%	0.48% a year	about 0.604 km²	Rural
Cahayag	454	1.56%	1.42% a year	about 1.64 km²	Rural
Calambutan Bajo	666	2.29%	−1.29% a year	about 3.77 km²	Rural
Calambutan Settlement	648	2.23%	0.00% a year	about 3.93 km²	Rural
Camating	310	1.07%	−0.38% a year	about 4.48 km²	Rural
Canibungan Proper	591	2.03%	1.74% a year	about 4.14 km²	Rural
Casilak San Agustin	706	2.43%	6.17% a year	about 4.55 km²	Rural
Centro Hulpa	657	2.26%	−3.00% a year	about 0.336 km²	Rural
Centro Napu	1,743	5.99%	0.03% a year	about 0.596 km²	Urban
Centro Upper	785	2.7%	−1.27% a year	about 0.217 km²	Urban
Duanguican	790	2.72%	2.42% a year	about 2.28 km²	Rural
Gala	593	2.04%	0.78% a year	about 16.48 km²	Rural
Gumbil	1,083	3.72%	0.43% a year	about 2.37 km²	Rural
Locso-on	1,190	4.09%	1.38% a year	about 1.88 km²	Rural
Maikay	474	1.63%	0.62% a year	about 1.93 km²	Rural
Maribojoc	414	1.42%	1.19% a year	about 2.32 km²	Rural
Mitugas	607	2.09%	0.48% a year	about 7.99 km²	Rural
Nailon	1,190	4.09%	−0.77% a year	about 1.58 km²	Rural
Namut	1,581	5.44%	−0.95% a year	about 22.19 km²	Rural
Napurog	1,061	3.65%	0.23% a year	about 1.58 km²	Rural
Pan-ay Diot	883	3.04%	0.52% a year	about 0.742 km²	Rural
San Nicolas	744	2.56%	3.41% a year	about 2.88 km²	Rural
Sebac	1,417	4.87%	0.34% a year	about 0.584 km²	Rural
Silongon	803	2.76%	−1.22% a year	about 3.94 km²	Rural
Sinuza	577	1.98%	0.13% a year	about 2.82 km²	Rural
Taguima	1,015	3.49%	0.02% a year	about 0.693 km²	Rural
Tigdok	885	3.04%	0.94% a year	about 0.962 km²	Rural
Yahong	688	2.37%	0.28% a year	about 1.01 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Tudela covers 87.34 km² of land, 333 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 1,722 m above the sea and it has 5.3 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 87.34 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 333 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 8.25728° N, 123.68835° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[29]

Lowest: 1 m
Average: 498 m
Highest: 1,722 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

5.3 km of coastline^[30]

Rivers^[30]

Bati-Bati River13.8 of 34.5 km
Sebac River13.3 km
Tigdok River12.0 of 16.6 km
Tudela River10.2 of 10.4 km
Tudela River4.8 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[31]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Dipolog, the nearest PAGASA station, 54 km away^[32]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,484 mm of rain on 162 days a year; 27.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Dipolog, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	170 mm	15	26.7 °C	30.3 °C	23.0 °C
February	136 mm	10	26.8 °C	30.7 °C	23.0 °C
March	104 mm	9	27.4 °C	31.6 °C	23.2 °C
April	104 mm	7	28.1 °C	32.6 °C	23.7 °C
May	169 mm	11	28.1 °C	32.6 °C	23.6 °C
June	252 mm	16	27.6 °C	32.0 °C	23.2 °C
July	226 mm	15	27.0 °C	31.8 °C	22.1 °C
August	195 mm	13	27.6 °C	32.0 °C	23.1 °C
September	182 mm	14	27.5 °C	32.0 °C	23.0 °C
October	301 mm	17	27.4 °C	31.8 °C	23.1 °C
November	366 mm	18	27.2 °C	31.3 °C	23.1 °C
December	280 mm	17	27.0 °C	30.9 °C	23.2 °C
The year	2,484 mm	162	27.4 °C	31.6 °C	23.1 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 4 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 23 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 23.5% of people^[19]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 3rd class^[4]

About 23 of every 100 people in Tudela lived below the poverty line in 2021 (23.5%)^[19]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 19.4% and 27.6%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

5government offices
1hospital or health centre
29schools
1market

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices4

Hospitals and health centres1

Tudela RHU Konsulta Provider · Centro Napu

Markets1

Tudela Public Market · Centro Napu

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Tudela. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[12, 13]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 2nd district of Misamis Occidental^{[17, 18]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Estela Obut Estaño^[20]
Vice mayor
Wilma Lague Parojinog^[20]
2022–2025
Mayor
Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[21]
Vice mayor
Estela Obut Estaño^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[22]
Vice mayor
Estela Obut Estaño^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[23]
Vice mayor
Estela Obut Estaño^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Estela Obut Estaño^[24]
Vice mayor
Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Estela Rebosura Obut^[25]
Vice mayor
Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
Estela Rebosura Obut^[26]
Vice mayor
Eduardo Artadi Solijon^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
Nilo Obut^[27]
Vice mayor
Artemio Acson^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Nilo Y. Obut^[28]
Vice mayor
Nicolas J. Cinco^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Tudela, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Estela Obut Estaño^[20]	Wilma Lague Parojinog^[20]
2022–2025	Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[21]	Estela Obut Estaño^[21]
2019–2022	Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[22]	Estela Obut Estaño^[22]
2016–2019	Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[23]	Estela Obut Estaño^[23]
2013–2016	Estela Obut Estaño^[24]	Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[24]
2010–2013	Estela Rebosura Obut^[25]	Samuel Lagat Parojinog^[25]
2007–2010	Estela Rebosura Obut^[26]	Eduardo Artadi Solijon^[26]
2004–2007	Nilo Obut^[27]	Artemio Acson^[27]
2001–2004	Nilo Y. Obut^[28]	Nicolas J. Cinco^[28]

History & Identity

Stories from Northern Mindanao

Tudela has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Northern Mindanao, which Tudela is part of.

Film, 0:59
Northern Mindanao
Northern Mindanao: the river that got its gold
Cagayan has long meant river. In 1950 the city charter added de Oro, which the city says honours gold mined in its hinterland. Since 1975 it has led Region X, Northern Mindanao.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

How it got its name

Local traditionSimbalagon is given as the original name of the place, then a sitio of Ozamiz.^[10]

Sources differOne account says a Spanish priest named Reverend Jimenez changed the name from Simbalagon to Tudela, after his birthplace in Spain.^[10]

Its story

Tudela began as a sitio called Simbalagon under Ozamiz (Misamis) and was made a municipality during the American period by Executive Order No. 61 of 1920.^[10]

In 1982 barangays Tuno, Lalud and Lampasan of Tudela were detached to help form Don Mariano Marcos (now Don Victoriano); the municipality says it lost three barangays to Don Victoriano.^[11]

Timeline

1920
Executive Order No. 61 creates the municipality of Tudela.^[10]
8 February 1982
Batas Pambansa 171 takes barangays Tuno, Lalud and Lampasan from Tudela for Don Mariano Marcos.^[11]

Nearby

Tudela shares a border with Clarin, Don Victoriano and Sinacaban.

How it compares

Tudela beside Misamis Occidental, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental.

Tudela beside Misamis Occidental
Figure	Tudela	Misamis Occidental	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	29,082^{[1, 2]}	621,993	8th of 17
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.40% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.18% a year	6th of 17
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	333^[6]more crowded	308	7th of 17
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	87.34 km²^[6]	2,021.01 km²	10th of 17
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}higher	3.9	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	8.7%^[5]lower	21.5%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Oroquieta City, the capital of Misamis Occidental: 23.9 km north
Manila: 763.8 km north

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

SinacabanMisamis Occidental5.5 km northeast
ClarinMisamis Occidental5.8 km southeast
Don VictorianoMisamis Occidental9.1 km west
JimenezMisamis Occidental10.8 km northeast
Ozamiz CityMisamis Occidental15.5 km southeast
Tangub CityMisamis Occidental18.0 km south

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Region X (Northern Mindanao) (OpenSTAT table 0101A6DTPH9). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Municipality of Tudela, Misamis Occidental. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Municipality of Tudela. About Us. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.LawPhil Project. Batas Pambansa Blg. 171, Creating the Municipality of Don Mariano Marcos. Published February 8, 1982. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
20.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
30.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Tudela, Misamis Occidental.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/misamis-occidental/tudela