Municipality

Calamba

Calamba is a municipality in Misamis Occidental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Its population was 23,808 in the 2024 census, and it has 19 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
23,808
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 13.3% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
11th
of the 17 cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 4 of every 100 people in Misamis Occidental lived in Calamba in 2024 (3.83%)
Inside itSources
19
barangays
LandSources
76.00 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Calamba's land would fill a square about 8.7 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 313 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 3 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
6,007
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
47.4%
About 47 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 1004204000^[4]Formerly 104204000
ZIP code: 7210^{[16, 17, 18]}

People

Calamba had 23,808 people in the 2024 census, up 13.3% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Calamba had the 11th most people of the 17 cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental in 2024^[1]

8Tudela29,082
9Aloran28,095
10Lopez Jaena25,806
11Calamba23,808
12Sapang Dalaga21,006
13Sinacaban20,176
14Baliangao18,500

All 17 cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 78 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Don Bernardo Nery Pob.4,11717 in 100
Southwestern Poblacion2,46310 in 100
Bunawan1,9218 in 100
Solinog1,6807 in 100
Northern Poblacion1,6627 in 100
Calaran1,6047 in 100
Langub1,5176 in 100
Magcamiguing1,3616 in 100
Dapacan Alto1,1905 in 100
Sulipat1,0755 in 100

See all 19 barangays of Calamba

Age structure · 2020 Census^[37]People living in households, by age and sex

About 30 of every 100 are children under 15 (29.9%)
About 62 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (62.2%)
About 8 of every 100 are 65 or older (8%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	2,213	1,149	1,064
5 - 9	2,360	1,191	1,169
10 - 14	2,355	1,206	1,149
15 - 19	2,403	1,270	1,133
20 - 24	1,978	1,038	940
25 - 29	1,518	807	711
30 - 34	1,457	738	719
35 - 39	1,251	624	627
40 - 44	1,289	661	628
45 - 49	1,328	655	673
50 - 54	1,306	661	645
55 - 59	1,061	533	528
60 - 64	841	407	434
65 - 69	651	302	349
70 - 74	480	176	304
75 - 79	374	162	212
80 years and over	341	120	221

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 23,808^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 6,007^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Misamis Occidental, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 3.83%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 47.4% (11,283 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 11,700 men, 11,506 women^[37]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	23,808^{[1, 2]}	0.59% a year	6,007	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	23,227^[1]	1.46% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	21,676^[1]	0.60% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	21,005^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	19,597^[35]	1.50% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	17,594^{[35, 36]}	2.49% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	15,686^[35]	0.70% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	15,111^[35]	0.26% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	14,729^[35]	1.54% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	13,645^[35]	1.80% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	12,482^[35]	1.53% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	10,689^[35]	—	—	—

Barangays

Calamba is made up of 19 barangays.

Barangays of Calamba. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Bonifacio	663	2.78%	−0.39% a year	about 2.97 km²	Rural
Bunawan	1,921	8.07%	2.49% a year	about 2.40 km²	Rural
Calaran	1,604	6.74%	−0.37% a year	about 2.74 km²	Rural
Dapacan Alto	1,190	5%	2.63% a year	about 6.77 km²	Rural
Dapacan Bajo	702	2.95%	2.28% a year	about 2.74 km²	Rural
Don Bernardo Nery Pob.	4,117	17.29%	−0.36% a year	about 2.09 km²	Urban
Langub	1,517	6.37%	3.41% a year	about 2.75 km²	Rural
Libertad	411	1.73%	−0.69% a year	about 1.40 km²	Rural
Magcamiguing	1,361	5.72%	−0.26% a year	about 3.52 km²	Urban
Mamalad	576	2.42%	1.25% a year	about 3.32 km²	Rural
Mauswagon	681	2.86%	3.12% a year	about 6.83 km²	Rural
Northern Poblacion	1,662	6.98%	−0.31% a year	about 1.08 km²	Urban
Salvador	626	2.63%	0.86% a year	about 3.62 km²	Rural
San Isidro	494	2.07%	−0.34% a year	about 2.17 km²	Rural
Siloy	838	3.52%	1.96% a year	about 5.35 km²	Rural
Singalat	227	0.95%	0.11% a year	about 6.86 km²	Rural
Solinog	1,680	7.06%	−2.67% a year	about 1.00 km²	Urban
Southwestern Poblacion	2,463	10.35%	0.82% a year	about 0.667 km²	Urban
Sulipat	1,075	4.52%	2.00% a year	about 6.20 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Calamba covers 76.00 km² of land, 313 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 654 m above the sea and it lies inland.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 76.00 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 313 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 8.55211° N, 123.63749° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[31]

Lowest: 24 m
Average: 203 m
Highest: 654 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers^[32]

Napisik River17.6 of 45.8 km
Diuyu River4.1 of 32.5 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[33]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Dipolog, the nearest PAGASA station, 33 km away^[34]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,484 mm of rain on 162 days a year; 27.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Dipolog, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	170 mm	15	26.7 °C	30.3 °C	23.0 °C
February	136 mm	10	26.8 °C	30.7 °C	23.0 °C
March	104 mm	9	27.4 °C	31.6 °C	23.2 °C
April	104 mm	7	28.1 °C	32.6 °C	23.7 °C
May	169 mm	11	28.1 °C	32.6 °C	23.6 °C
June	252 mm	16	27.6 °C	32.0 °C	23.2 °C
July	226 mm	15	27.0 °C	31.8 °C	22.1 °C
August	195 mm	13	27.6 °C	32.0 °C	23.1 °C
September	182 mm	14	27.5 °C	32.0 °C	23.0 °C
October	301 mm	17	27.4 °C	31.8 °C	23.1 °C
November	366 mm	18	27.2 °C	31.3 °C	23.1 °C
December	280 mm	17	27.0 °C	30.9 °C	23.2 °C
The year	2,484 mm	162	27.4 °C	31.6 °C	23.1 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 4 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 24 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 24.1% of people^[21]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 3rd class^[4]

About 24 of every 100 people in Calamba lived below the poverty line in 2021 (24.1%)^[21]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 18.4% and 29.8%, with 90% confidence.

The PSA rates this estimate's reliability as acceptable rather than high: read it as a guide.

Public places

9government offices
3hospitals and health centres
22schools
3places of worship
1market
2stations and terminals
1park
3monuments and memorials

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices8

Hospitals and health centres3

Markets1

Calamba Public Market · Don Bernardo Nery Pob.

Stations and terminals2

Parks1

Moelci 1 Park · Magcamiguing

Monuments and memorials3

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Calamba. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[14, 15]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 1st district of Misamis Occidental^{[19, 20]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[22]
Vice mayor
Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[22]
2022–2025
Mayor
Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[23]
Vice mayor
Antonio Neones Lawas Sr.^[23]
2019–2022
Mayor
Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[24]
Vice mayor
Antonio Neones Lawas Sr.^[24]
2016–2019
Mayor
Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[25]
Vice mayor
Antonio Neones Lawas Sr.^[25]
2013–2016
Mayor
Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[26]
Vice mayor
Jesus Cuarto Enerio^[26]
2010–2013
Mayor
Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[27]
Vice mayor
Jesus Cuarto Enerio^[27]
2007–2010
Mayor
Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[28]
Vice mayor
Jesus Cuarto Enerio^[28]
2004–2007
Mayor
Luisitio Villanueva Jr.^[29]
Vice mayor
Ernest Descallar^[29]
2001–2004
Mayor
Inocencio D. Pagalaran Jr.^[30]
Vice mayor
Ernest A. Descallar^[30]

Mayors and vice mayors of Calamba, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[22]	Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[22]
2022–2025	Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[23]	Antonio Neones Lawas Sr.^[23]
2019–2022	Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[24]	Antonio Neones Lawas Sr.^[24]
2016–2019	Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[25]	Antonio Neones Lawas Sr.^[25]
2013–2016	Ezel Tabuelog Villanueva^[26]	Jesus Cuarto Enerio^[26]
2010–2013	Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[27]	Jesus Cuarto Enerio^[27]
2007–2010	Luisito Bergado Villanueva Jr.^[28]	Jesus Cuarto Enerio^[28]
2004–2007	Luisitio Villanueva Jr.^[29]	Ernest Descallar^[29]
2001–2004	Inocencio D. Pagalaran Jr.^[30]	Ernest A. Descallar^[30]

History & Identity

Stories from Northern Mindanao

Calamba has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Northern Mindanao, which Calamba is part of.

Film, 0:59
Northern Mindanao
Northern Mindanao: the river that got its gold
Cagayan has long meant river. In 1950 the city charter added de Oro, which the city says honours gold mined in its hinterland. Since 1975 it has led Region X, Northern Mindanao.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Created: Calamba was organized as an independent municipality out of the barrios and sitios of Plaridel, Occidental Misamis, by Executive Order No. 85 signed 3 September 1947, taking effect 16 November 1947.^[9]

How it got its name

Local traditionThe town's own history says Calamba's original name was Solinog, after a deep ravine at the east of the poblacion where the Langaran River flows.^[11]

Local traditionThe same account says the Municipal Council of Plaridel renamed it Calamba after the birthplace of the Filipino patriot (Rizal's town in Laguna).^[11]

Its story

Local traditionThe town's history says the Subanos were its earliest inhabitants, who cleared one area after another; abandoned clearings were later filled by settlers from the Visayas and other parts of Mindanao.^[11]

Local traditionCalamba began as a small barrio of Plaridel that grew fast enough to be separated from it.^[11]

The organization was postponed because its chief officials had not yet been appointed and qualified; the order set 1 February 1948 as the new date.^[12]

Local traditionThe town's website says it was inaugurated as a municipality on 14 February 1948.^[11]

Timeline

3 September 1947
Executive Order No. 85 created Calamba out of Plaridel, effective 16 November 1947.^[9]
1 January 1948
Executive Order No. 116 postponed the municipality's organization to 1 February 1948 because its officials were not yet appointed.^[12]
10 December 1958
Executive Order No. 325 fixed the boundary between Calamba and Plaridel.^[13]

Nearby

Calamba shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Calamba beside Misamis Occidental, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental.

Calamba beside Misamis Occidental
Figure	Calamba	Misamis Occidental	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Misamis Occidental
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	23,808^{[1, 2]}	621,993	11th of 17
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.59% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	0.18% a year	4th of 17
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	313^[6]more crowded	308	9th of 17
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	76.00 km²^[6]	2,021.01 km²	14th of 17
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}higher	3.9	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	47.4%^[5]higher	21.5%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Oroquieta City, the capital of Misamis Occidental: 15.0 km southeast
Manila: 731.4 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

BaliangaoMisamis Occidental6.1 km north
PlaridelMisamis Occidental7.7 km northeast
Sapang DalagaMisamis Occidental8.4 km southwest
Lopez JaenaMisamis Occidental11.0 km east
RizalZamboanga del Norte11.4 km west
Oroquieta CityMisamis Occidental15.0 km southeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Region X (Northern Mindanao) (OpenSTAT table 0101A6DTPH9). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.LawPhil Project. Executive Order No. 85, s. 1947 (Calamba, from Plaridel). Published September 3, 1947. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Municipality of Calamba, Misamis Occidental. Official website. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Municipal Government of Calamba, Misamis Occidental. History. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.LawPhil Project (Arellano Law Foundation). Executive Order No. 116, s. 1948 (postponing Calamba). Published January 1, 1948. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.LawPhil Project (Arellano Law Foundation). Executive Order No. 325, s. 1958 (Calamba-Plaridel boundary). Published December 10, 1958. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
15.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
18.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
19.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
21.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
22.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
30.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
31.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
32.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
33.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
34.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
36.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
37.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Calamba, Misamis Occidental.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/misamis-occidental/calamba