Municipality

Virac

Virac is a municipality in Catanduanes, Bicol Region, Philippines. Its population was 75,135 in the 2024 census, and it has 63 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
75,135
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 12.2% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
1st
of the 11 cities and municipalities of Catanduanes by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 29 of every 100 people in Catanduanes lived in Virac in 2024 (28.77%)
Inside itSources
63
barangays
LandSources
176.80 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Virac's land would fill a square about 13.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 425 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 4 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
17,864
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.2 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
29.6%
About 30 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0502011000^[4]Formerly 052011000
ZIP code: 4800^{[15, 16, 17]}

People

Virac had 75,135 people in the 2024 census, up 12.2% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Virac had the most people of the 11 cities and municipalities of Catanduanes in 2024^[1]

1Virac75,135
2San Andres37,157
3Caramoran30,124
4Viga21,364
5Bato21,325
6Pandan20,796
7San Miguel14,578

All 11 cities and municipalities of Catanduanes

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 39 of every 100 of its people^[2]

San Isidro Village5,5017 in 100
Cavinitan3,9005 in 100
Bigaa3,2874 in 100
Calatagan Proper3,2054 in 100
Calatagan Tibang2,5393 in 100
Danicop2,3663 in 100
San Vicente2,3003 in 100
Valencia2,2433 in 100
Sogod-Tibgao2,1633 in 100
Gogon Centro2,1163 in 100

See all 63 barangays of Virac

Age structure · 2020 Census^[35]People living in households, by age and sex

About 31 of every 100 are children under 15 (31.1%)
About 63 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (62.6%)
About 6 of every 100 are 65 or older (6.3%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	8,051	4,082	3,969
5 - 9	7,653	3,969	3,684
10 - 14	7,828	4,138	3,690
15 - 19	8,086	4,100	3,986
20 - 24	7,180	3,712	3,468
25 - 29	5,775	3,005	2,770
30 - 34	4,958	2,485	2,473
35 - 39	4,559	2,297	2,262
40 - 44	4,228	2,112	2,116
45 - 49	3,656	1,892	1,764
50 - 54	3,470	1,750	1,720
55 - 59	3,061	1,518	1,543
60 - 64	2,437	1,181	1,256
65 - 69	1,758	749	1,009
70 - 74	1,206	456	750
75 - 79	857	286	571
80 years and over	953	264	689

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 75,135^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 17,864^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.2 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Catanduanes, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 28.77%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 29.6% (22,223 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 37,996 men, 37,720 women^[35]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	75,135^{[1, 2]}	−0.44% a year	17,864	4.2
2020as of May 1, 2020	76,520^[1]	0.81% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	73,650^[1]	1.83% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	66,951^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	64,554^[33]	1.71% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	57,067^{[33, 34]}	2.91% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	49,912^[33]	1.74% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	45,523^[33]	1.28% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	40,102^[33]	0.67% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	38,782^[33]	1.75% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	35,571^[33]	0.32% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	34,417^[33]	—	—	—

Barangays

Virac is made up of 63 barangays.

Barangays of Virac. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
San Isidro Village	5,501	7.32%	0.18% a year	about 3.00 km²	Urban
Cavinitan	3,900	5.19%	−0.36% a year	about 2.21 km²	Urban
Bigaa	3,287	4.37%	−0.69% a year	about 2.37 km²	Rural
Calatagan Proper	3,205	4.27%	−0.95% a year	about 1.42 km²	Urban
Calatagan Tibang	2,539	3.38%	0.39% a year	about 7.84 km²	Rural
Danicop	2,366	3.15%	1.31% a year	about 7.44 km²	Rural
San Vicente	2,300	3.06%	0.25% a year	about 6.53 km²	Rural
Valencia	2,243	2.99%	3.01% a year	about 2.10 km²	Urban
Sogod-Tibgao	2,163	2.88%	1.52% a year	about 4.42 km²	Rural
Gogon Centro	2,116	2.82%	−0.68% a year	about 0.20 km²	Rural
Palnab Del Norte	2,030	2.7%	0.38% a year	about 0.268 km²	Rural
Palnab Del Sur	1,976	2.63%	0.07% a year	about 1.16 km²	Rural
Francia	1,894	2.52%	1.21% a year	about 0.30 km²	Urban
Buyo	1,700	2.26%	−1.12% a year	about 3.74 km²	Rural
Rawis	1,700	2.26%	−4.03% a year	about 0.109 km²	Rural
Capilihan	1,576	2.1%	0.73% a year	about 1.22 km²	Rural
Santo Domingo	1,567	2.09%	2.15% a year	about 0.645 km²	Rural
Santo Niño	1,422	1.89%	−0.61% a year	about 7.26 km²	Rural
Dugui Too	1,400	1.86%	−1.23% a year	about 9.93 km²	Rural
Palta Salvacion	1,299	1.73%	1.24% a year	about 1.30 km²	Rural
Santo Cristo	1,233	1.64%	0.47% a year	about 2.87 km²	Rural
Tubaon	1,226	1.63%	2.66% a year	about 1.02 km²	Rural
Hicming	1,205	1.6%	1.11% a year	about 4.80 km²	Rural
Pajo San Isidro	1,133	1.51%	−1.47% a year	about 2.70 km²	Rural
Lanao	976	1.3%	−0.77% a year	about 0.169 km²	Rural
Ibong Sapa	970	1.29%	0.89% a year	about 3.77 km²	Rural
Balite	900	1.2%	−1.01% a year	about 2.45 km²	Rural
Simamla	893	1.19%	−0.76% a year	about 3.94 km²	Rural
Palta Small	861	1.15%	−2.28% a year	about 3.87 km²	Rural
Hawan Grande	849	1.13%	−1.23% a year	about 2.35 km²	Rural
Igang	832	1.11%	−0.46% a year	about 1.12 km²	Rural
San Pablo	830	1.1%	−1.12% a year	about 0.0344 km²	Rural
San Roque	802	1.07%	−5.09% a year	about 0.315 km²	Urban
Gogon Sirangan	798	1.06%	−0.30% a year	about 0.0677 km²	Urban
Concepcion	797	1.06%	−3.61% a year	about 0.0603 km²	Urban
Marcelo Alberto	797	1.06%	−0.42% a year	about 0.0327 km²	Rural
Hawan Ilaya	793	1.06%	3.90% a year	about 1.54 km²	Rural
Santa Cruz	787	1.05%	−4.98% a year	about 0.077 km²	Urban
Calabnigan	783	1.04%	0.40% a year	about 1.02 km²	Rural
Magnesia Del Sur	767	1.02%	−2.84% a year	about 1.91 km²	Rural
Antipolo Del Norte	713	0.95%	−0.60% a year	about 1.36 km²	Rural
Constantino	638	0.85%	−5.59% a year	about 0.309 km²	Urban
Magnesia Del Norte	601	0.8%	−5.77% a year	about 1.42 km²	Rural
Antipolo Del Sur	598	0.8%	−0.90% a year	about 1.01 km²	Rural
Casoocan	595	0.79%	1.95% a year	about 1.87 km²	Rural
Santa Elena	572	0.76%	−5.15% a year	about 0.0458 km²	Urban
Pajo Baguio	554	0.74%	0.62% a year	about 0.946 km²	Rural
Juan M. Alberto	539	0.72%	1.92% a year	about 2.06 km²	Rural
Batag	523	0.7%	0.94% a year	about 1.42 km²	Rural
Cabihian	502	0.67%	−0.47% a year	about 1.46 km²	Rural

The 50 with the most people, of 63. See all 63 barangays of Virac

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Virac covers 176.80 km² of land, 425 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 811 m above the sea and it has 27.1 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 176.80 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 425 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 13.60576° N, 124.19674° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[29]

Lowest: Sea level
Average: 169 m
Highest: 811 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

27.1 km of coastline^[30]

Rivers^[30]

Pajo River25.1 of 38.6 km

Peaks^[30]

Sharp Peakheight not mapped

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type II^[31]

No dry season. The rain is heaviest from December to February, and no month is truly dry.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Virac, the nearest PAGASA station, 3 km away^[32]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 3,188 mm of rain on 180 days a year; 27.3 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Virac, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	274 mm	15	25.7 °C	29.0 °C	22.4 °C
February	172 mm	12	25.9 °C	29.4 °C	22.4 °C
March	177 mm	13	26.4 °C	30.2 °C	22.7 °C
April	141 mm	12	27.3 °C	31.2 °C	23.3 °C
May	166 mm	11	28.2 °C	32.1 °C	24.4 °C
June	220 mm	14	28.4 °C	32.1 °C	24.7 °C
July	248 mm	16	28.0 °C	31.6 °C	24.4 °C
August	186 mm	12	28.2 °C	32.0 °C	24.5 °C
September	264 mm	14	28.1 °C	31.9 °C	24.2 °C
October	399 mm	19	27.4 °C	31.0 °C	23.9 °C
November	418 mm	21	27.1 °C	30.4 °C	23.7 °C
December	525 mm	21	26.4 °C	29.6 °C	23.3 °C
The year	3,188 mm	180	27.3 °C	30.9 °C	23.7 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 32 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 15 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 15.1% of people^[20]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 15 of every 100 people in Virac lived below the poverty line in 2021 (15.1%)^[20]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 13.6% and 16.5%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

22government offices
11hospitals and health centres
56schools
13places of worship
1market
5stations and terminals
5parks
1beach

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Where a kind has more than 8, this page shows 6: first those with “Virac” in their name, then one in each of its most populous barangays.

Government offices18

12 more government offices are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See all 63 barangays of Virac

Hospitals and health centres11

5 more hospitals and health centres are listed on the pages of the barangays they stand in. See all 63 barangays of Virac

Markets1

Virac Public Market · Concepcion

Stations and terminals5

Parks5

Beaches1

Marilima Beach · Marilima

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Virac. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[13, 14]}

Capital of: Catanduanes^[4]
Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: Lone district of Catanduanes^{[18, 19]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them.

2022–2025
Mayor
Samuel Villanueva Laynes^[21]
Vice mayor
Arlynn Herbolario Arcilla^[21]
2019–2022
Mayor
Sinforoso Magallanes Sarmiento Jr.^[22]
Vice mayor
Arlynn Herbolario Arcilla^[22]
2016–2019
Mayor
Samuel Villanueva Laynes^[23]
Vice mayor
Arlynn Herbolario Arcilla^[23]
2013–2016
Mayor
Flerida Antonio Alberto^[24]
Vice mayor
Roy Villanueva Laynes^[24]
2010–2013
Mayor
Jose Ubalde Alberto II^[25]
Vice mayor
Roy Villanueva Laynes^[25]
2007–2010
Mayor
Santos Vargas Zafe^[26]
Vice mayor
Roy Villanueva Laynes^[26]
2004–2007
Mayor
Jose Alberto II^[27]
Vice mayor
Santos Zafe^[27]
2001–2004
Mayor
Jose U. Alberto II^[28]
Vice mayor
Raul R. Panti^[28]

Mayors and vice mayors of Virac, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2022–2025	Samuel Villanueva Laynes^[21]	Arlynn Herbolario Arcilla^[21]
2019–2022	Sinforoso Magallanes Sarmiento Jr.^[22]	Arlynn Herbolario Arcilla^[22]
2016–2019	Samuel Villanueva Laynes^[23]	Arlynn Herbolario Arcilla^[23]
2013–2016	Flerida Antonio Alberto^[24]	Roy Villanueva Laynes^[24]
2010–2013	Jose Ubalde Alberto II^[25]	Roy Villanueva Laynes^[25]
2007–2010	Santos Vargas Zafe^[26]	Roy Villanueva Laynes^[26]
2004–2007	Jose Alberto II^[27]	Santos Zafe^[27]
2001–2004	Jose U. Alberto II^[28]	Raul R. Panti^[28]

History & Identity

Stories from Bicol Region

Virac has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Bicol Region, which Virac is part of.

Film, 0:56
Bicol Region
Bicol Region: the day Mayon moved a town
Tradition says Bicol is named for a bending river. On 1 February 1814 Mayon buried Cagsawa; the town moved to Daraga, and in 1914 the Bicol Region made a pilgrimage to the ruins.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Its story

When Catanduanes became a subprovince of Albay in 1905, the lieutenant-governor was given his office in Virac.^[9]

In 1906 Virac was enlarged with the visita of Cabugao, which came from Bato, and kept its seat of municipal government.^[10]

In 1945 Catanduanes was separated from Albay as its own province, and the law made Virac its capital.^[11]

Timeline

19 April 1905
Act No. 1331 made Catanduanes a subprovince of Albay, with a lieutenant-governor whose office was in Virac.^[9]
31 October 1906
Act No. 1557 added the visita of Cabugao to Virac.^[10]
5 December 1929
Act No. 3617 listed Virac first among the seven municipalities of Catanduanes in the new fourth district of Albay.^[12]
26 September 1945
Commonwealth Act No. 687 made Catanduanes an independent province, with Virac as its capital.^[11]

Nearby

Virac shares a border with Bato, San Andres and San Miguel.

How it compares

Virac beside Catanduanes, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Catanduanes.

Virac beside Catanduanes
Figure	Virac	Catanduanes	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Catanduanes
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	75,135^{[1, 2]}	261,169	1st of 11
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	−0.44% a year^{[1, 2]}faster	−0.96% a year	1st of 11
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	425^[6]more crowded	178	2nd of 11
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	176.80 km²^[6]	1,466.91 km²	2nd of 11
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.2^{[1, 2]}about the same	4.2	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	29.6%^[5]higher	10%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Manila: 362.6 km west

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

San AndresCatanduanes11.9 km northwest
San MiguelCatanduanes13.0 km northeast
BatoCatanduanes13.7 km east
BarasCatanduanes21.3 km northeast
GigmotoCatanduanes25.9 km northeast
VigaCatanduanes26.3 km north

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Bicol Region (OpenSTAT table 0051A6DTPH4). Published August 4, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation. Act No. 1331. Published April 19, 1905. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.The Lawphil Project, Arellano Law Foundation. Act No. 1557, October 31, 1906. Published October 31, 1906. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation. Commonwealth Act No. 687. Published September 26, 1945. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation. Act No. 3617. Published December 5, 1929. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
17.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
18.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
20.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
29.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
30.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
35.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Virac, Catanduanes.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/catanduanes/virac