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Municipality

Mainit

Mainit is a municipality in Surigao del Norte, Caraga, Philippines. Its population was 29,205 in the 2024 census, and it has 21 barangays.

  • Population: 2024 Census
  • Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
  • Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
  • Page updated: October 9, 2026
Colour byColours the map of Mainit by the figure chosen; the key beside it says what each colour means.
AlegriaBacuagJabongaMalimonoPlacerSisonTubodBinga: 396 people, 29 per km², 0.06% a yearBobona-on: 206 people, 18 per km², −1.24% a yearCantugas: 1,784 people, 172 per km², 2.05% a yearDayano: 580 people, 172 per km², 1.50% a yearMabini: 1,312 people, 491 per km², 0.29% a yearMagpayang: 1,784 people, 430 per km², 0.27% a yearMagsaysay: 2,242 people, 5,027 per km², 0.00% a yearMansayao: 806 people, 228 per km², −1.21% a yearMarayag: 417 people, 59 per km², 3.66% a yearMatin-ao: 4,764 people, 876 per km², 1.47% a yearPaco: 701 people, 282 per km², 3.39% a yearQuezon: 3,834 people, 6,254 per km², 0.27% a yearRoxas: 1,636 people, 388 per km², 0.52% a yearSan Francisco: 2,440 people, 529 per km², 1.96% a yearSan Isidro: 1,913 people, 199 per km², 1.34% a yearSan Jose: 948 people, 204 per km², 2.19% a yearSiana: 919 people, 634 per km², −1.29% a yearSilop: 375 people, 36 per km², 4.03% a yearTagbuyawan: 446 people, 272 per km², 1.92% a yearTapi-an: 273 people, 59 per km², 0.27% a yearTolingon: 1,429 people, 662 per km², 1.66% a year

People · 2024 Census

  • Under 690
  • 690 to 1,100
  • 1,100 to 1,800
  • 1,800 to 3,100
  • 3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

  • Under 160
  • 160 to 340
  • 340 to 700
  • 700 to 2,600
  • 2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

  • Fell by more than 1% a year
  • Fell, by up to 1% a year
  • Grew, by under 1% a year
  • Grew by 1 to 2% a year
  • Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

  • PeopleSources

    29,205

    people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary

    Up 14.1% from 2010 to 2024

  • Rank by peopleSources

    5th

    of the 21 cities and municipalities of Surigao del Norte by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary

    About 5 of every 100 people in Surigao del Norte lived in Mainit in 2024 (5.16%)

  • Inside itSources

    21

    barangays

  • LandSources

    115.23 km²

    of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Mainit's land would fill a square about 10.7 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary

    Average density, 2024: 253 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 3 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary

  • HomesSources

    7,073

    households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary

    4.1 people in each, on average, in 2024

  • Town or countrySources

    13.1%

    About 13 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary
1606714000[4]Formerly 166714000
ZIP code
8407[12, 13, 14]

People

Mainit had 29,205 people in the 2024 census, up 14.1% from 2010.
People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Mainit had the 5th most people of the 21 cities and municipalities of Surigao del Norte in 2024[1]
  1. 2Claver39,882
  2. 3Dapa31,392
  3. 4Placer30,442
  4. 5Mainit29,205
  5. 6Socorro28,436
  6. 7General Luna25,208
  7. 8Gigaquit22,949
All 21 cities and municipalities of Surigao del Norte
In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 79 of every 100 of its people[2]
  1. Matin-ao4,76416 in 100
  2. Quezon3,83413 in 100
  3. San Francisco2,4408 in 100
  4. Magsaysay2,2428 in 100
  5. San Isidro1,9137 in 100
  6. Cantugas1,7846 in 100
  7. Magpayang1,7846 in 100
  8. Roxas1,6366 in 100
  9. Tolingon1,4295 in 100
  10. Mabini1,3124 in 100
See all 21 barangays of Mainit
Age structure · 2020 Census[33]People living in households, by age and sex
  • About 32 of every 100 are children under 15 (31.6%)
  • About 62 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (61.7%)
  • About 7 of every 100 are 65 or older (6.7%)
MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
AgePeopleMenWomen
0 - 42,7341,4241,310
5 - 92,9991,5481,451
10 - 143,0851,5981,487
15 - 193,0301,5871,443
20 - 242,4141,2481,166
25 - 291,9591,024935
30 - 341,804906898
35 - 391,683873810
40 - 441,551830721
45 - 491,381710671
50 - 541,230622608
55 - 591,175590585
60 - 64981460521
65 - 69761357404
70 - 74455185270
75 - 79329137192
80 years and over337113224

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
29,205[1, 2]
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
7,073[1, 2]
People in each household, 2024
4.1 on average[1, 2]
Share of Surigao del Norte, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
5.16%[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary
13.1% (3,834 people)[5]
Men and women, 2020
14,212 men, 13,696 women[33]People living in households
Population at each census, with its source
CensusPopulationGrowth since the census beforeHouseholdsPeople per household
2024as of July 1, 202429,205[1, 2]1.00% a year7,0734.1
2020as of May 1, 202028,019[1]0.99% a year——
2015as of August 1, 201526,741[1]0.84% a year——
2010as of May 1, 201025,596[1]———
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then23,952[31]0.31% a year——
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders23,417[31, 32]1.56% a year——
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then21,780[31]0.24% a year——
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then21,505[31]1.75% a year——
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then18,078[31]1.16% a year——
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then17,064[31]2.95% a year——
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then14,759[31]−2.21% a year——
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then18,542[31]———

Barangays

Mainit is made up of 21 barangays.
Barangays of Mainit. Each column heading sorts the table.
[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]Share (2024)Urban or rural
Binga3961.36%0.06% a yearabout 13.56 km²Rural
Bobona-on2060.71%−1.24% a yearabout 11.18 km²Rural
Cantugas1,7846.11%2.05% a yearabout 10.37 km²Rural
Dayano5801.99%1.50% a yearabout 3.37 km²Rural
Mabini1,3124.49%0.29% a yearabout 2.67 km²Rural
Magpayang1,7846.11%0.27% a yearabout 4.15 km²Rural
Magsaysay2,2427.68%0.00% a yearabout 0.446 km²Rural
Mansayao8062.76%−1.21% a yearabout 3.53 km²Rural
Marayag4171.43%3.66% a yearabout 7.08 km²Rural
Matin-ao4,76416.31%1.47% a yearabout 5.44 km²Rural
Paco7012.4%3.39% a yearabout 2.49 km²Rural
Quezon3,83413.13%0.27% a yearabout 0.613 km²Urban
Roxas1,6365.6%0.52% a yearabout 4.22 km²Rural
San Francisco2,4408.35%1.96% a yearabout 4.61 km²Rural
San Isidro1,9136.55%1.34% a yearabout 9.62 km²Rural
San Jose9483.25%2.19% a yearabout 4.64 km²Rural
Siana9193.15%−1.29% a yearabout 1.45 km²Rural
Silop3751.28%4.03% a yearabout 10.31 km²Rural
Tagbuyawan4461.53%1.92% a yearabout 1.64 km²Rural
Tapi-an2730.93%0.27% a yearabout 4.66 km²Rural
Tolingon1,4294.89%1.66% a yearabout 2.16 km²Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Mainit covers 115.23 km² of land, 253 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 677 m above the sea and it lies inland.
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary
115.23 km²[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary
253 people per km²[6]
Coordinates
9.57782° N, 125.49642° E[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.
Height above the sea[27]
Lowest
Sea level
Average
169 m
Highest
677 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

No coastline: it lies inland.

Rivers[28]

  1. Mayag River9.4 km

Lakes[28]

  1. Lake Mainit143.4 km²

Peaks[28]

  1. Mount Pacovolcano524 m

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type II[29]

No dry season. The rain is heaviest from December to February, and no month is truly dry.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Surigao, the nearest PAGASA station, 23 km away[30]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 3,757 mm of rain on 192 days a year; 27.8 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Surigao, 1991 to 2020, by month
MonthRainRainy daysAverageHighLow
January662 mm2426.3 °C29.4 °C23.1 °C
February468 mm1926.6 °C30.0 °C23.3 °C
March355 mm1927.3 °C30.9 °C23.7 °C
April211 mm1528.1 °C31.9 °C24.3 °C
May120 mm1028.9 °C32.8 °C24.9 °C
June158 mm1228.6 °C32.6 °C24.7 °C
July158 mm1228.5 °C32.4 °C24.6 °C
August143 mm1028.8 °C32.8 °C24.7 °C
September181 mm1128.6 °C32.7 °C24.6 °C
October250 mm1628.2 °C32.0 °C24.4 °C
November454 mm2127.5 °C31.0 °C24.0 °C
December597 mm2326.9 °C30.2 °C23.6 °C
The year3,757 mm19227.8 °C31.6 °C24.1 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 39 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 31 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.
Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary
31.3% of people[17]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary
3rd class[4]
About 31 of every 100 people in Mainit lived below the poverty line in 2021 (31.3%)[17]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 26.3% and 36.2%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

  • 2government offices
  • 8hospitals and health centres
  • 33schools
  • 4places of worship
  • 1market
  • 1station or terminal
  • 1park

Counted from OpenStreetMap[3, 8]. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Mainit. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.[10, 11]

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary
2nd district of Surigao del Norte[15, 16]

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

  1. 2025–2028In office as of February 2026

    Mayor
    Ramon Beltran Mondano[18]
    Vice mayor
    Crisanta Olvis Mondano[18]

  2. 2022–2025

    Mayor
    Crisanta Olvis Mondano[19]
    Vice mayor
    Ramon Beltran Mondano[19]

  3. 2019–2022

    Mayor
    Crisanta Olvis Mondano[20]
    Vice mayor
    Christopher Mozar Avila[20]

  4. 2016–2019

    Mayor
    Crisanta Olvis Mondano[21]
    Vice mayor
    Ramon Beltran Mondano[21]

  5. 2013–2016

    Mayor
    Ramon Beltran Mondano[22]
    Vice mayor
    Crisanta Olvis Mondano[22]

  6. 2010–2013

    Mayor
    Ramon Beltran Mondano[23]
    Vice mayor
    Rogelio Mordeno Gatpolintan[23]

  7. 2007–2010

    Mayor
    Ramon Beltran Mondano[24]
    Vice mayor
    Jessnar Cedro Mosende[24]

  8. 2004–2007

    Mayor
    Rogelio Gatpolintan[25]
    Vice mayor
    Elmer Paniamogan[25]

  9. 2001–2004

    Mayor
    Rogelio M. Gatpolintan[26]
    Vice mayor
    Felipe E. Garrido[26]
Mayors and vice mayors of Mainit, by term
TermMayorVice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026Ramon Beltran Mondano[18]Crisanta Olvis Mondano[18]
2022–2025Crisanta Olvis Mondano[19]Ramon Beltran Mondano[19]
2019–2022Crisanta Olvis Mondano[20]Christopher Mozar Avila[20]
2016–2019Crisanta Olvis Mondano[21]Ramon Beltran Mondano[21]
2013–2016Ramon Beltran Mondano[22]Crisanta Olvis Mondano[22]
2010–2013Ramon Beltran Mondano[23]Rogelio Mordeno Gatpolintan[23]
2007–2010Ramon Beltran Mondano[24]Jessnar Cedro Mosende[24]
2004–2007Rogelio Gatpolintan[25]Elmer Paniamogan[25]
2001–2004Rogelio M. Gatpolintan[26]Felipe E. Garrido[26]

History & Identity

Timeline

  1. 24 July 1958

    Executive Order 309 returned the barrio of Siana from the new municipality of Tubod to Mainit, to which it had formerly belonged.[9]

Nearby

Mainit shares a border with 7 places.

How it compares

Mainit beside Surigao del Norte, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Surigao del Norte.

Mainit beside Surigao del Norte
FigureMainitSurigao del NorteRank among the cities and municipalities of Surigao del Norte
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary29,205[1, 2]565,6445th of 21
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary1.00% a year[1, 2]slower1.36% a year13th of 21
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary253[6]less crowded2759th of 21
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary115.23 km²[6]2,053.75 km²6th of 21
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary4.1[1, 2]about the same4.1not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary13.1%[5]lower35.3%not ranked

How far, in a straight line[3]

Surigao City, the capital of Surigao del Norte
16.2 km north
Manila
742.5 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities[3]

  1. SisonSurigao del Norte7.5 km north
  2. TubodSurigao del Norte7.8 km east
  3. MalimonoSurigao del Norte10.0 km northwest
  4. PlacerSurigao del Norte10.6 km northeast
  5. BacuagSurigao del Norte13.8 km east
  6. Tagana-AnSurigao del Norte14.8 km northeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.
  1. 1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  2. 2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Region XIII (Caraga) (OpenSTAT table 0131A6DTHP2). Published August 3, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  3. 3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
  4. 4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  5. 5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  6. 6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  7. 7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  8. 8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  9. 9.Arellano Law Foundation (Lawphil). Executive Order No. 309, s. 1958 (Amending EO 269 on Siana). Published July 24, 1958. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  10. 10.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  11. 11.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  12. 12.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  13. 13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  14. 14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
  15. 15.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  16. 16.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
  17. 17.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  18. 18.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
  19. 19.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  20. 20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  21. 21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  22. 22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  23. 23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  24. 24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  25. 25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  26. 26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
  27. 27.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
  28. 28.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
  29. 29.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  30. 30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
  31. 31.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  32. 32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
  33. 33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

See something wrong on this page? Write to hello@scene.ph with the page address. We check every report against the source.

Cite this page

Scene.ph. “Mainit, Surigao del Norte.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/surigao-del-norte/mainit