Municipality

Calbiga

Calbiga is a municipality in Samar, Eastern Visayas, Philippines. Its population was 23,309 in the 2024 census, and it has 41 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
23,309
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 8.7% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
11th
of the 26 cities and municipalities of Samar by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 3 of every 100 people in Samar lived in Calbiga in 2024 (2.89%)
Inside itSources
41
barangays
LandSources
235.60 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Calbiga's land would fill a square about 15.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 99 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 1 person per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
5,799
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
4.0 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
0%
Fewer than 1 of every 1,000 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 0806004000^[4]Formerly 086004000
ZIP code: 6715^{[13, 14, 15]}

People

Calbiga had 23,309 people in the 2024 census, up 8.7% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Calbiga had the 11th most people of the 26 cities and municipalities of Samar in 2024^[1]

8Villareal27,909
9Santa Margarita27,012
10Tarangnan26,013
11Calbiga23,309
12Jiabong19,482
13Pinabacdao18,639
14Marabut18,168

All 26 cities and municipalities of Samar

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 54 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Polangi3,02013 in 100
Canticum1,4776 in 100
Patong1,4056 in 100
Malabal1,2655 in 100
Bacyaran1,1315 in 100
Tinago9814 in 100
Calingonan9294 in 100
Macaalan8694 in 100
Barangay 68444 in 100
San Ignacio7773 in 100

See all 41 barangays of Calbiga

Age structure · 2020 Census^[34]People living in households, by age and sex

About 33 of every 100 are children under 15 (32.6%)
About 60 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (59.6%)
About 8 of every 100 are 65 or older (7.8%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	2,372	1,282	1,090
5 - 9	2,576	1,381	1,195
10 - 14	2,556	1,342	1,214
15 - 19	2,397	1,246	1,151
20 - 24	2,052	1,066	986
25 - 29	1,667	883	784
30 - 34	1,327	709	618
35 - 39	1,243	652	591
40 - 44	1,159	618	541
45 - 49	1,218	611	607
50 - 54	1,127	600	527
55 - 59	863	473	390
60 - 64	680	345	335
65 - 69	610	307	303
70 - 74	464	225	239
75 - 79	377	179	198
80 years and over	351	140	211

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 23,309^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 5,799^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 4.0 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Samar, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 2.89%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 0% (0 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 12,059 men, 10,980 women^[34]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	23,309^{[1, 2]}	0.00% a year	5,799	4.0
2020as of May 1, 2020	23,310^[1]	0.30% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	22,982^[1]	1.34% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	21,434^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	20,309^[32]	1.00% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	18,890^{[32, 33]}	0.96% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	18,070^[32]	1.02% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	17,116^[32]	1.88% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	14,201^[32]	−0.68% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	14,697^[32]	−2.13% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	16,364^[32]	2.38% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	12,868^[32]	—	—	—

Barangays

Calbiga is made up of 41 barangays.

Barangays of Calbiga. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Antol	313	1.34%	5.24% a year	about 5.60 km²	Rural
Bacyaran	1,131	4.85%	0.15% a year	about 2.55 km²	Rural
Barangay 1	365	1.57%	0.33% a year	about 0.0557 km²	Rural
Barangay 2	173	0.74%	−0.55% a year	about 0.0216 km²	Rural
Barangay 3	280	1.2%	−2.11% a year	about 0.0324 km²	Rural
Barangay 4	370	1.59%	−1.13% a year	about 0.070 km²	Rural
Barangay 5	239	1.03%	3.63% a year	about 0.0317 km²	Rural
Barangay 6	844	3.62%	0.40% a year	about 0.159 km²	Rural
Barangay 7	544	2.33%	0.04% a year	about 0.204 km²	Rural
Barobaybay	735	3.15%	0.46% a year	about 2.78 km²	Rural
Beri	300	1.29%	0.73% a year	about 4.15 km²	Rural
Binanggaran	164	0.7%	1.21% a year	about 19.12 km²	Rural
Borong	557	2.39%	1.62% a year	about 5.79 km²	Rural
Bulao	249	1.07%	−9.64% a year	about 1.38 km²	Rural
Buluan	590	2.53%	−1.64% a year	about 11.74 km²	Rural
Caamlongan	257	1.1%	2.91% a year	about 7.51 km²	Rural
Calayaan	442	1.9%	1.17% a year	about 1.48 km²	Rural
Calingonan	929	3.99%	0.34% a year	about 4.55 km²	Rural
Canbagtic	406	1.74%	−0.92% a year	about 4.23 km²	Rural
Canticum	1,477	6.34%	0.85% a year	about 10.05 km²	Rural
Daligan	186	0.8%	0.92% a year	about 12.25 km²	Rural
Guinbanga	196	0.84%	0.25% a year	about 11.66 km²	Rural
Hindang	121	0.52%	−0.39% a year	about 4.93 km²	Rural
Hubasan	178	0.76%	2.28% a year	about 2.69 km²	Rural
Literon	357	1.53%	0.96% a year	about 4.28 km²	Rural
Lubang	138	0.59%	−3.05% a year	about 2.73 km²	Rural
Macaalan	869	3.73%	−1.26% a year	about 2.82 km²	Rural
Mahangcao	405	1.74%	3.49% a year	about 15.53 km²	Rural
Malabal	1,265	5.43%	0.23% a year	about 2.77 km²	Rural
Minata	362	1.55%	−1.59% a year	about 8.75 km²	Rural
Otoc	257	1.1%	−3.09% a year	about 2.41 km²	Rural
Panayuran	460	1.97%	−1.98% a year	about 3.06 km²	Rural
Pasigay	562	2.41%	−0.34% a year	about 1.90 km²	Rural
Patong	1,405	6.03%	0.66% a year	about 2.83 km²	Rural
Polangi	3,020	12.96%	0.69% a year	about 5.20 km²	Rural
Rawis	604	2.59%	−0.08% a year	about 1.17 km²	Rural
San Ignacio	777	3.33%	−2.02% a year	about 3.17 km²	Rural
San Mauricio	312	1.34%	1.19% a year	about 2.92 km²	Rural
Sinalangtan	122	0.52%	−5.14% a year	about 20.52 km²	Rural
Timbangan	367	1.57%	−5.07% a year	about 1.88 km²	Rural
Tinago	981	4.21%	1.50% a year	about 2.15 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Calbiga covers 235.60 km² of land, 99 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 488 m above the sea and it has 8.4 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 235.60 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 99 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 11.58499° N, 125.09025° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[28]

Lowest: 1 m
Average: 161 m
Highest: 488 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

8.4 km of coastline^[29]

Rivers^[29]

Calbiga River33.8 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type IV^[30]

Rain spread fairly evenly through the year, with no dry season.

Covers about 74 of every 100 parts of its land. Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Catbalogan, the nearest PAGASA station, 31 km away^[31]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,991 mm of rain on 181 days a year; 28.4 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Catbalogan, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	296 mm	16	26.7 °C	30.8 °C	22.7 °C
February	208 mm	12	27.0 °C	31.4 °C	22.6 °C
March	191 mm	13	28.6 °C	32.4 °C	23.2 °C
April	124 mm	11	28.8 °C	33.5 °C	24.1 °C
May	179 mm	12	29.5 °C	33.9 °C	25.0 °C
June	230 mm	15	29.2 °C	33.4 °C	25.0 °C
July	292 mm	17	28.8 °C	32.7 °C	24.9 °C
August	196 mm	12	29.1 °C	32.9 °C	25.3 °C
September	280 mm	15	28.9 °C	32.8 °C	24.9 °C
October	299 mm	19	28.4 °C	32.3 °C	24.4 °C
November	293 mm	19	27.8 °C	31.9 °C	23.8 °C
December	404 mm	20	27.3 °C	31.2 °C	23.4 °C
The year	2,991 mm	181	28.4 °C	32.4 °C	24.1 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 5 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 28 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 28.1% of people^[18]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 2nd class^[4]

About 28 of every 100 people in Calbiga lived below the poverty line in 2021 (28.1%)^[18]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 23.9% and 32.3%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

4government offices
1hospital or health centre
40schools
1place of worship
1market

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices3

Hospitals and health centres1

Municipal Clinic · Barangay 1

Markets1

Calbiga Market · Barangay 5

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Calbiga. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[11, 12]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: 2nd district of Samar^{[16, 17]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Red Latorre Nacario^[19]
Vice mayor
Eva Labro Castillo^[19]
2022–2025
Mayor
Red Latorre Nacario^[20]
Vice mayor
Eva Labro Castillo^[20]
2019–2022
Mayor
Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[21]
Vice mayor
Eva Labro Castillo^[21]
2016–2019
Mayor
Luzviminda Latorre Nacario^[22]
Vice mayor
Miguel Tillain Abaigar Jr.^[22]
2013–2016
Mayor
Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[23]
Vice mayor
David Daconos Bacsal^[23]
2010–2013
Mayor
Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[24]
Vice mayor
Rosemarie Cabrigas Rodriguez^[24]
2007–2010
Mayor
Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[25]
Vice mayor
Rosemarie Cabrigas Rodriguez^[25]
2004–2007
Mayor
Luzviminda Nacario^[26]
Vice mayor
Sandra Matrona Mutia^[26]
2001–2004
Mayor
Melchor F. Nacario^[27]
Vice mayor
Iñigo C. Jabonete^[27]

Mayors and vice mayors of Calbiga, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Red Latorre Nacario^[19]	Eva Labro Castillo^[19]
2022–2025	Red Latorre Nacario^[20]	Eva Labro Castillo^[20]
2019–2022	Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[21]	Eva Labro Castillo^[21]
2016–2019	Luzviminda Latorre Nacario^[22]	Miguel Tillain Abaigar Jr.^[22]
2013–2016	Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[23]	David Daconos Bacsal^[23]
2010–2013	Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[24]	Rosemarie Cabrigas Rodriguez^[24]
2007–2010	Melchor Figueroa Nacario^[25]	Rosemarie Cabrigas Rodriguez^[25]
2004–2007	Luzviminda Nacario^[26]	Sandra Matrona Mutia^[26]
2001–2004	Melchor F. Nacario^[27]	Iñigo C. Jabonete^[27]

History & Identity

Stories from Eastern Visayas

Calbiga has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Eastern Visayas, which Calbiga is part of.

Film, 0:59
Eastern Visayas
Eastern Visayas: San Lazaro, the first name
On 17 March 1521 Magellan's crew landed on Homonhon and called the islands the archipelago of San Lazaro, the country's first European name. Felipinas came 22 years later.
This Happened Here

All Stories

Its story

Catbalogan's own history says the Jesuit-era residencia of Catbalogan (raised in 1627) counted Calbiga among its dependencies, and that grey limestone for Calbiga's church was taken from the area.^[9]

Catbalogan's page says that when Samar became a separate province in 1768, Paranas together with Calbiga was split off from Catbalogan as an independent town.^[9]

In 1946 ten barrios of Calbiga were organized into the new municipality of Pinabacdao, and Calbiga kept the rest of its territory.^[10]

Timeline

1768
Paranas, with Calbiga, was separated from Catbalogan as an independent town (per Catbalogan's own history).^[9]
16 July 1946
Pinabacdao was carved out of Calbiga by Executive Order No. 2 of 8 July 1946, effective 16 July 1946.^[10]

Nearby

Calbiga shares a border with 5 places.

How it compares

Calbiga beside Samar, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Samar.

Calbiga beside Samar
Figure	Calbiga	Samar	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Samar
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	23,309^{[1, 2]}	806,179	11th of 26
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	0.00% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	0.39% a year	24th of 26
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	99^[6]less crowded	149	20th of 26
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	235.60 km²^[6]	5,414.68 km²	9th of 26
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	4.0^{[1, 2]}lower	4.1	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	0%^[5]lower	14.9%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Catbalogan City, the capital of Samar: 36.3 km northwest
Manila: 555.9 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

PinabacdaoSamar8.1 km southwest
San SebastianSamar13.6 km northwest
VillarealSamar14.1 km west
Santa RitaSamar16.5 km south
HinabanganSamar18.7 km northeast
BaseySamar24.6 km south

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024: Eastern Visayas (OpenSTAT table 0081A6DTPH7). Published August 5, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.City Government of Catbalogan. About - City of Catbalogan (Brief Historical Background). Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Lawphil / Arellano Law Foundation. Executive Order No. 2, s. 1946, organizing Pinabacdao out of Calbiga. Published July 8, 1946. Read by Scene October 3, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
14.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). ZIP Code Locator, as the Internet Archive captured it on 2022-05-21 (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published May 21, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.1986 Constitutional Commission (text from the Chan Robles Virtual Law Library). Ordinance appended to the 1987 Constitution, apportioning the seats of the House of Representatives. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
19.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
29.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Calbiga, Samar.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/samar/calbiga