Municipality

Sultan Kudarat

Sultan Kudarat is a municipality in Maguindanao del Norte, Bangsamoro (BARMM), Philippines. Its population was 124,965 in the 2024 census, and it has 39 barangays.

Population: 2024 Census
Places: PSGC 2Q 2026
Checked by Scene: October 8, 2026
Page updated: October 9, 2026

PlacesPeopleDensityGrowth

People · 2024 Census

Under 690
690 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,800
1,800 to 3,100
3,100 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Density · people per km², 2024

Under 160
160 to 340
340 to 700
700 to 2,600
2,600 and over

The same steps colour every map of barangays in the Atlas, so a colour means the same range everywhere.

Growth a year · 2020–2024

Fell by more than 1% a year
Fell, by up to 1% a year
Grew, by under 1% a year
Grew by 1 to 2% a year
Grew by 2% a year or more

Each place's yearly change between the 2020 and 2024 censuses, on the same steps as every map in the Atlas.

Borders from UN OCHA (PSA and NAMRIA), a guide and not the legal boundary^[3]Open in OpenStreetMap

PeopleSources
124,965
people counted in the 2024 censusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary
Up 51% from 2010 to 2024
Rank by peopleSources
3rd
of the 13 cities and municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte by population, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary
About 11 of every 100 people in Maguindanao del Norte lived in Sultan Kudarat in 2024 (11.11%)
Inside itSources
39
barangays
LandSources
204.19 km²
of land, 2019 masterlistLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.Explained by Scene: Sultan Kudarat's land would fill a square about 14.3 km on each side. That is only a way to picture its size: its real shape is on the map.More in the glossary
Average density, 2024: 612 people per km²Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.Explained by Scene: About 6 people per hectare if everyone were spread evenly across the land. In fact people live closer together in towns and farther apart in the countryside.More in the glossary
HomesSources
32,241
households in 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary
3.9 people in each, on average, in 2024
Town or countrySources
39.6%
About 40 of every 100 people lived in urban barangays in 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary

PSGC codePSGC codeThe code the Philippine Statistics Authority gives every place, so each one is known exactly, even when two share a name.More in the glossary: 1908710000^[4]Formerly 153812000
ZIP code: 9605^[15]

People

Sultan Kudarat had 124,965 people in the 2024 census, up 51% from 2010.

People at each census since 1960

Counts from 2000 on are on today’s borders; earlier counts are as the place was then, so the line may step where a border moved.

Sultan Kudarat had the 3rd most people of the 13 cities and municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte in 2024^[1]

1Cotabato City383,383
2Datu Odin Sinsuat152,907
3Sultan Kudarat124,965
4Parang123,209
5Upi65,363
6Buldon45,676
7Barira43,301

All 13 cities and municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte

In 2024, the 10 barangays with the most people held about 49 of every 100 of its people^[2]

Bulalo8,9337 in 100
Dalumangcob8,2637 in 100
Limbo6,7275 in 100
Calsada6,6975 in 100
Crossing Simuay6,6925 in 100
Salimbao6,1755 in 100
Katuli5,9465 in 100
Gang4,2313 in 100
Pinaring3,8693 in 100
Katidtuan3,8043 in 100

See all 39 barangays of Sultan Kudarat

Age structure · 2020 Census^[34]People living in households, by age and sex

About 42 of every 100 are children under 15 (42.3%)
About 56 of every 100 are of working age, 15 to 64 (55.8%)
About 2 of every 100 are 65 or older (1.9%)

MenWomen

The figures by age

People by age group, men and women
Age	People	Men	Women
0 - 4	15,766	8,139	7,627
5 - 9	14,610	7,508	7,102
10 - 14	14,104	7,222	6,882
15 - 19	11,241	5,857	5,384
20 - 24	11,011	5,549	5,462
25 - 29	8,395	4,205	4,190
30 - 34	6,932	3,476	3,456
35 - 39	5,607	2,671	2,936
40 - 44	5,176	2,578	2,598
45 - 49	4,100	2,102	1,998
50 - 54	2,957	1,594	1,363
55 - 59	1,840	1,010	830
60 - 64	1,331	704	627
65 - 69	898	475	423
70 - 74	520	256	264
75 - 79	254	118	136
80 years and over	308	129	179

Every figure, census by census

People, 2024 CensusCensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary: 124,965^{[1, 2]}
Households, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary: 32,241^{[1, 2]}
People in each household, 2024: 3.9 on average^{[1, 2]}
Share of Maguindanao del Norte, 2024Rank and shareWorked out by Scene from the PSA's counts: where a place stands among the places listed with it, and how many of every 100 of its parent's people live in it.More in the glossary: 11.11%^[1]
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary: 39.6% (49,433 people)^[5]
Men and women, 2020: 53,593 men, 51,457 women^[34]People living in households

Population at each census, with its source
Census	Population	Growth since the census before	Households	People per household
2024as of July 1, 2024	124,965^{[1, 2]}	4.23% a year	32,241	3.9
2020as of May 1, 2020	105,121^[1]	2.11% a year	—	—
2015as of August 1, 2015	95,201^[1]	2.70% a year	—	—
2010as of May 1, 2010	82,758^[1]	—	—	—
2007as of August 1, 2007; as it was then	121,324^[32]	6.10% a year	—	—
2000as of May 1, 2000; on today’s borders	78,951^[33]	0.78% a year	—	—
1995as of September 1, 1995; as it was then	76,125^[32]	0.96% a year	—	—
1990as of May 1, 1990; as it was then	72,331^[32]	4.10% a year	—	—
1980as of May 1, 1980; as it was then	48,383^[32]	0.54% a year	—	—
1975as of May 1, 1975; as it was then	47,101^[32]	3.14% a year	—	—
1970as of May 6, 1970; as it was then	40,377^[32]	2.74% a year	—	—
1960as of February 15, 1960; as it was then	30,614^[32]	—	—	—

Barangays

Sultan Kudarat is made up of 39 barangays.

Barangays of Sultan Kudarat. Each column heading sorts the table.
	^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 7]}	Share (2024)			Urban or rural
Alamada	1,847	1.48%	2.71% a year	about 8.14 km²	Rural
Banatin	2,236	1.79%	3.77% a year	about 6.67 km²	Rural
Banubo	2,424	1.94%	1.81% a year	about 2.24 km²	Rural
Bulalo	8,933	7.15%	3.11% a year	about 1.18 km²	Urban
Bulibod	2,061	1.65%	4.89% a year	about 2.26 km²	Rural
Calsada	6,697	5.36%	3.40% a year	about 2.02 km²	Urban
Crossing Simuay	6,692	5.36%	2.27% a year	about 9.23 km²	Urban
Dalumangcob	8,263	6.61%	3.62% a year	about 7.34 km²	Urban
Damaniog	2,045	1.64%	7.89% a year	about 1.86 km²	Rural
Darapanan	2,946	2.36%	4.61% a year	about 6.11 km²	Rural
Gang	4,231	3.39%	1.68% a year	about 1.11 km²	Rural
Inawan	1,085	0.87%	11.94% a year	about 4.44 km²	Rural
Kabuntalan	1,342	1.07%	9.25% a year	about 1.69 km²	Rural
Kakar	2,199	1.76%	3.65% a year	about 2.89 km²	Rural
Kapimpilan	2,219	1.78%	2.80% a year	about 5.31 km²	Rural
Katamlangan	1,581	1.27%	2.96% a year	about 7.00 km²	Rural
Katidtuan	3,804	3.04%	3.41% a year	about 7.79 km²	Rural
Katuli	5,946	4.76%	4.07% a year	about 0.947 km²	Urban
Ladia	1,916	1.53%	6.68% a year	about 7.65 km²	Rural
Limbo	6,727	5.38%	3.12% a year	about 1.34 km²	Urban
Maidapa	1,972	1.58%	4.20% a year	about 2.21 km²	Rural
Makaguiling	3,284	2.63%	3.76% a year	about 2.87 km²	Rural
Matengen	3,271	2.62%	5.23% a year	about 24.41 km²	Rural
Mulaug	1,563	1.25%	9.17% a year	about 1.39 km²	Rural
Nalinan	1,260	1.01%	3.84% a year	about 2.19 km²	Rural
Nara	2,146	1.72%	4.45% a year	about 2.92 km²	Rural
Nekitan	1,551	1.24%	16.14% a year	about 3.09 km²	Rural
Olas	1,153	0.92%	3.23% a year	about 3.36 km²	Rural
Panatan	2,876	2.3%	2.71% a year	about 6.12 km²	Rural
Pigcalagan	3,405	2.72%	3.06% a year	about 9.83 km²	Rural
Pigkelegan	3,479	2.78%	4.15% a year	about 2.12 km²	Rural
Pinaring	3,869	3.1%	7.21% a year	about 8.88 km²	Rural
Pingping	1,470	1.18%	5.43% a year	about 9.48 km²	Rural
Raguisi	2,690	2.15%	3.91% a year	about 4.20 km²	Rural
Rebuken	2,906	2.33%	2.06% a year	about 4.18 km²	Rural
Salimbao	6,175	4.94%	4.69% a year	about 1.10 km²	Urban
Sambolawan	1,317	1.05%	0.37% a year	about 4.43 km²	Rural
Senditan	1,861	1.49%	23.00% a year	about 1.70 km²	Rural
Ungap	3,523	2.82%	7.67% a year	about 3.50 km²	Rural

Areas are approximate: each is measured inside the barangay's border on UN OCHA's map, which is a guide, not the legal boundary.

Land & Environment

Sultan Kudarat covers 204.19 km² of land, 612 people for every km² in 2024. Its land rises to 255 m above the sea and it has 6.2 km of coast.

Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary: 204.19 km²^[6]As listed in the 2019 Masterlist of Land Areas (LMB, DENR)
Average density, 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary: 612 people per km²^[6]
Coordinates: 7.23761° N, 124.31161° E^[3]The point inside its border farthest from every edge, so it always falls within the place.

Height above the sea^[28]

Lowest: Sea level
Average: 33 m
Highest: 255 m

Heights from the Copernicus DEM, a 30 m model of the surface: it reads the tops of trees and roofs, not the bare ground, over the land inside the border, the sea left out. Produced using Copernicus WorldDEM-30 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved.

Water, coast and peaks

6.2 km of coastline^[29]

Rivers^[29]

Rio Grande de Mindanao13.5 of 142.8 km
Matampay River3.0 of 10.7 km
Rio Grande de Mindanao0.7 km

Named rivers, lakes and peaks as OpenStreetMap mapped them on 30 September 2026, and the coast within 150 m of the border. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Climate

Climate typeClimate typePAGASA sorts the country's climate into four types by when the rain falls. Type I has a dry season from November to April and a wet one for the rest of the year; Type II has no dry season, with the most rain from December to February; Type III has a short dry season; Type IV has rain spread through the year.More in the glossary

Type III^[30]

No clear rainiest time of year, and a short dry season of one to three months, in December to February or in March to May.

Read by Scene off PAGASA's climate map, so approximate: the type that covers most of the place's land.

At Cotabato City, the nearest PAGASA station, 14 km away^[31]Averages for 1991 to 2020: 2,414 mm of rain on 165 days a year; 27.9 °C on average

Rain each month Average temperature

The figures by month

Climate at Cotabato City, 1991 to 2020, by month
Month	Rain	Rainy days	Average	High	Low
January	89 mm	10	27.7 °C	32.6 °C	22.8 °C
February	95 mm	9	28.0 °C	33.1 °C	23.0 °C
March	117 mm	10	28.4 °C	33.6 °C	23.3 °C
April	141 mm	10	28.8 °C	34.0 °C	23.5 °C
May	253 mm	16	28.3 °C	33.4 °C	23.2 °C
June	313 mm	19	27.7 °C	32.5 °C	22.8 °C
July	315 mm	19	27.4 °C	32.2 °C	22.7 °C
August	239 mm	15	27.6 °C	32.3 °C	22.8 °C
September	252 mm	16	27.6 °C	32.4 °C	22.9 °C
October	279 mm	16	27.7 °C	32.4 °C	22.9 °C
November	190 mm	14	27.9 °C	32.9 °C	23.0 °C
December	133 mm	11	27.9 °C	32.8 °C	22.9 °C
The year	2,414 mm	165	27.9 °C	32.9 °C	23.0 °C

A station's figures describe the place around it only roughly: inland and in the hills it may be cooler and wetter. The station stands 45 m above the sea.

Life & Economy

About 37 of every 100 people lived below the poverty line in 2021.

Poverty, 2021Poverty incidenceHow many of every 100 people live in families whose income is below the poverty line: what a person needs in a year for food and other basic needs, as the PSA sets it for each province. It is an estimate, from a survey or, for a town, a statistical model, so the PSA gives a range it is likely to fall in.More in the glossary: 37.2% of people^[18]Below the poverty line, by the PSA's estimate for every town.
Income classIncome classThe Department of Finance sorts provinces, cities and municipalities into classes by their average yearly income over recent years: 1st class has the most. It measures the local government's income, not how well off its people are.More in the glossary: 1st class^[4]

About 37 of every 100 people in Sultan Kudarat lived below the poverty line in 2021 (37.2%)^[18]

The PSA's model for every town puts it between 32.1% and 42.3%, with 90% confidence.

Public places

6government offices
1hospital or health centre
11schools
4places of worship
1park

Counted from OpenStreetMap^{[3, 8]}. Schools, places of worship, barangay halls and places known only by a common name, such as a chapel, are listed on each barangay's page.

Government offices5

Hospitals and health centres1

Cotabato Sanitarium Hospital · Ungap

Parks1

Sultan Kudarat Town Plaza · Dalumangcob

As OpenStreetMap maps them on September 30, 2026. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, under the Open Database License.

Government & Leaders

A mayor leads Sultan Kudarat. Its local laws, called ordinances, are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan (the municipal council), led by the vice mayor. The mayor, the vice mayor and the council's elected members serve three-year terms, and none may serve more than three in a row.^{[13, 14]}

Legislative districtLegislative districtThe area that elects one member of the House of Representatives. A big province or city may have several.More in the glossary: Lone district of Maguindanao del Norte^{[16, 17]}

Leaders

The mayor and vice mayor elected at each election since 2001, as COMELEC's lists of the elected name them, and those in office now, as the DILG's directory lists them.

2025–2028In office as of February 2026
Mayor
Datu Shameem Biruar Mastura^[19]
Vice mayor
Bai Norhaina Biruar Mastura-Maik^[19]
2022–2025
Mayor
Tucao Ong Mastura^[20]
Vice mayor
Shameem Biruar Mastura^[20]
2019–2022
Mayor
Shameem Biruar Mastura^[21]
Vice mayor
Norhaina Mastura Maik^[21]
2016–2019
Mayor
Shameem Biruar Mastura^[22]
Vice mayor
Norhaina Mastura Maik^[22]
2013–2016
Mayor
Shameem Biruar Mastura^[23]
Vice mayor
Norhaina Mastura Maik^[23]
2010–2013
Mayor
Tucao Ong Mastura^[24]
Vice mayor
Shajida Biruar Mastura^[24]
2007–2010
Mayor
Shajida Biruar-Mastura Bandila^[25]
Vice mayor
Daud Lawa Abdul^[25]
2004–2007
Mayor
Tucao Mastura^[26]
Vice mayor
Shajida Bandila^[26]
2001–2004
Mayor
Tucao O. Mastura^[27]
Vice mayor
Abdulbayan S. Candao^[27]

Mayors and vice mayors of Sultan Kudarat, by term
Term	Mayor	Vice mayor
2025–2028In office as of February 2026	Datu Shameem Biruar Mastura^[19]	Bai Norhaina Biruar Mastura-Maik^[19]
2022–2025	Tucao Ong Mastura^[20]	Shameem Biruar Mastura^[20]
2019–2022	Shameem Biruar Mastura^[21]	Norhaina Mastura Maik^[21]
2016–2019	Shameem Biruar Mastura^[22]	Norhaina Mastura Maik^[22]
2013–2016	Shameem Biruar Mastura^[23]	Norhaina Mastura Maik^[23]
2010–2013	Tucao Ong Mastura^[24]	Shajida Biruar Mastura^[24]
2007–2010	Shajida Biruar-Mastura Bandila^[25]	Daud Lawa Abdul^[25]
2004–2007	Tucao Mastura^[26]	Shajida Bandila^[26]
2001–2004	Tucao O. Mastura^[27]	Abdulbayan S. Candao^[27]

History & Identity

Stories from Bangsamoro (BARMM)

Sultan Kudarat has no Story of its own yet. This one is about Bangsamoro (BARMM), which Sultan Kudarat is part of.

Film, 1:01
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Bangsamoro: a people defined by a moment
The 2018 Organic Law defines the Bangsamoro by who was native when Spanish colonization began. Behind it: a mosque dated 1380, the sultanates, and place names that mean current, lake and far.
Why It's Called That

All Stories

Former name: Nuling^[4]
Created: Executive Order No. 82 of 18 August 1947 organised the municipality of Nuling, now Sultan Kudarat. Republic Act No. 5647, approved 21 June 1969, changed its name from Nuling to Sultan Kudarat.^{[9, 10]}

How it got its name

The town was called Nuling until Republic Act No. 5647 renamed it Sultan Kudarat in 1969. The Act does not state a reason.^[10]

Its story

Nuling was organised as a municipality in 1947 by Executive Order No. 82.^[9]

In 1949 its boundary with Parang was fixed by Executive Order No. 219.^[11]

A 1982 law ordered the seat returned to Maganoy, subject to a plebiscite.^[12]

Timeline

18 August 1947
Nuling organised as a municipality by Executive Order No. 82.^[9]
25 March 1982
Batas Pambansa Blg. 211 returned the provincial seat to Maganoy, subject to plebiscite.^[12]

Nearby

Sultan Kudarat shares a border with 7 places.

How it compares

Sultan Kudarat beside Maguindanao del Norte, and where it stands among the cities and municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte.

Sultan Kudarat beside Maguindanao del Norte
Figure	Sultan Kudarat	Maguindanao del Norte	Rank among the cities and municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte
People, 2024CensusA count of every person in the country, all on one day. The 2024 census counted people as they were on 1 July 2024.More in the glossary	124,965^{[1, 2]}	1,124,811	3rd of 13
Growth a year, 2020–2024Growth a yearHow fast the number of people changed each year between two censuses. 1% a year means about 1 more person for every 100 people, each year.More in the glossary	4.23% a year^{[1, 2]}slower	4.31% a year	6th of 13
People per km², 2024Population densityHow crowded a place is on average: its people divided by its land area. 1,000 people per square kilometre is 10 people per hectare, a square of 100 by 100 metres.More in the glossary	612^[6]more crowded	376	2nd of 13
Land areaLand areaThe land inside the place's official boundary. A square kilometre is a square 1 km on each side, about the size of 140 football fields.More in the glossary	204.19 km²^[6]	2,990.84 km²	7th of 13
People in each household, 2024HouseholdA person living alone, or people who sleep in the same home and share their meals. A family may be one household or several.More in the glossary	3.9^{[1, 2]}lower	4.3	not ranked
In urban barangays, 2024Urban barangayThe PSA counts a barangay as urban when it has 5,000 people or more, or a big employer, or several businesses and public services close by. Every barangay in Metro Manila is urban.More in the glossary	39.6%^[5]lower	58.6%	not ranked

Shares a border with^[3]

How far, in a straight line^[3]

Datu Odin Sinsuat, the capital of Maguindanao del Norte: 19.2 km south
Manila: 895.2 km northwest

In a straight line between the points inside each place farthest from its edges, not by road.

The nearest towns and cities^[3]

PahamuddinSpecial Geographic Area8.3 km southeast
Sultan MasturaMaguindanao del Norte8.8 km northwest
Cotabato CityMaguindanao del Norte11.1 km west
ParangMaguindanao del Norte12.7 km north
KabuntalanMaguindanao del Norte13.8 km southeast
Northern KabuntalanMaguindanao del Norte14.6 km southeast

Sources

Page updated October 9, 2026. Sources checked by Scene October 8, 2026.

1.Philippine Statistics Authority. Population and Annual Population Growth Rate of the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities Based on the 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024 Population Census (OpenSTAT table 0211A6DAPG0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
2.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality, and Barangay as of 01 July 2024 : Bangsamoro Autonomous Region In Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) (OpenSTAT table 0141A6DTHP3). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
3.UN OCHA, from the PSA and NAMRIA. Philippines: Subnational Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB), barangay layer. Published February 13, 2025. Read by Scene September 25, 2026. CC BY-IGO 3.0. Open the source
4.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 2nd Quarter 2026: Publication Datafile. Published June 30, 2026. Read by Scene September 24, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
5.Philippine Statistics Authority. Total Population and Urban Population by Urban Classification and Region, Province, Highly Urbanized City, City/Municipality and Barangay: Philippines, 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0231A6DPUP0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
6.Philippine Statistics Authority, from the Land Management Bureau (DENR). Population, Land Area, Population Density, and Percent Change in Population Density by Region, Province/Highly Urbanized City, and City/Municipality: 2015, 2020, and 2024 (OpenSTAT table 0221A6DLPD0). Published August 7, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
7.Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC), 4th Quarter 2022: Publication Datafile, with the 2015 and 2020 census counts (the PSA's file, as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published December 31, 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
8.OpenStreetMap contributors. Named public places in OpenStreetMap: schools, hospitals and health centres, places of worship, government offices, markets, stations, parks, beaches and monuments, from Geofabrik's extract of the Philippines. Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
9.Arellano Law Foundation (LawPhil Project). Executive Order No. 82, s. 1947. Published August 18, 1947. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
10.Arellano Law Foundation (Lawphil). Republic Act No. 5647. Published June 21, 1969. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
11.Arellano Law Foundation (Lawphil). Executive Order No. 219, s. 1949. Published May 28, 1949. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
12.Arellano Law Foundation (Lawphil). Batas Pambansa Blg. 211. Published March 25, 1982. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
13.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 7160: the Local Government Code of 1991. Published October 10, 1991. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
14.1986 Constitutional Commission. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Published February 2, 1987. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
15.Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost). Philippine ZIP Codes (the directory "ZipCode 2019.pdf", made 2019-12-02), as the Internet Archive keeps it (its SHA-1 matches the Archive's index). Published December 2, 2019. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1; a government-owned corporation's work is the Government's, Section 171.9). Open the source
16.Congress of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 11550: An Act dividing the Province of Maguindanao into two (2) provinces, namely Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur. Published May 27, 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
17.Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 2025 National and Local Elections: results, certificates of canvass of every province, city and municipality. Published May 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Philippine government work, no copyright (Republic Act No. 8293, Section 176.1). Open the source
18.Philippine Statistics Authority. Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2018 and 2021 (the PSA's workbook "2018 - 2021 SAE_with PSGC_noHUC.xlsx", sheet "2018-2021_NoHUC", as the Internet Archive keeps it). Published April 2, 2024. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
19.Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Directory of LGU Elective Officials for Term 2025-2028 as of February 2026 (its sheet: Consolidated List of Officials for Election Terms (2025-2028)), released through the FOI portal. Published February 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: RA 8293, Section 176 (no copyright subsists in it; exploiting it for profit needs the agency's prior approval). Open the source
20.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2022 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
21.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Published December 23, 2025. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
22.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 9, 2016 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF ELECED CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
23.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 13, 2013 National and Local Elections. Published January 12, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
24.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
25.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2007 National and Local Elections. Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
26.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 10, 2004 National and Local Elections (its pages are headed "LIST OF CITY/MUNICIPAL CANDIDATES"). Published January 14, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
27.Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Records and Statistics Division, ERSD. List of Elected City/Municipal Candidates, May 14, 2001 National and Local Elections. Published January 8, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Public domain: comelec.gov.ph says "All content is in the public domain unless otherwise stated." Each list carries COMELEC's data privacy notice (RA 10173).. Open the source
28.European Union and the European Space Agency (Copernicus), from DLR and Airbus Defence and Space (WorldDEM). Copernicus DEM GLO-30: global digital surface model at 30 m, one-degree tiles (2021 release). Published 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. Copernicus DEM GLO-30 licence: free, any use including commercial, with the Copernicus notice. Open the source
29.OpenStreetMap contributors, extract by Geofabrik. Named rivers, lakes, reservoirs, peaks and the coastline of the Philippines in OpenStreetMap (Geofabrik extract, cut by osmium). Published September 30, 2026. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. ODbL 1.0. Open the source
30.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010), Modified Coronas Climate Classification. Published August 2014. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
31.Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Climatology and Agrometeorology Division. Climatological Normals, 1991-2020, by synoptic station (one PDF each). Published January 2022. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. A work of the Government of the Philippines: no copyright (RA 8293 s.176.1); PAGASA's approval is needed to use it for profit. Open the source
32.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population, Statistical Tables, Table 1: Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by City/Municipality, 1960-2015 (one workbook for each province, highly urbanized city and region). Published 2017. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
33.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Table A (Population and Annual Growth Rate for the Philippines and its Regions, Provinces and Highly Urbanized Cities) and Table B (Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City and Municipality, by Region). Published July 2021. Read by Scene October 2, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source
34.Philippine Statistics Authority. 2020 Census of Population and Housing: Household Population by Age Group and Sex, for the Philippines and its regions, provinces, cities and municipalities (revised file, psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/). Published December 2022. Read by Scene October 8, 2026. CC BY (PSA Terms of Use). Open the source

Scene adds what the sources do not print themselves: growth rates, shares, barangay areas and densities, coordinates, neighbours and distances, each computed from the figures and borders above. How each is made.

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Scene.ph. “Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte.” Scene Atlas. Updated October 9, 2026. https://scene.ph/atlas/maguindanao-del-norte/sultan-kudarat